Published Science

UK adults who are overweight or obese retain their weight over time, which is associated with an increased risk of health complications and death, according to a new study.

Pygmy chimps are renowned for their female-led, peaceful societies, but when hunting, they are as vicious as their bigger chimp cousins

I hope you enjoyed the talk.  Below is the bibliography containing most, if not all, of the papers I cited in the talk.  After the bibliography comes a short, informative discussion of the ins and outs of stable isotope analysis for those who want more info.  Finally, at the bottom there is a link…

A new study conducted at the University of Worcester and published in the Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, has found low-fat diets decrease men's testosterone levels by 10-15%.

Following a long-term diet that’s low in carbohydrates and high in fat and protein from vegetables may lower the risk of the most common subtype of glaucoma

In the majority of US states, 20% to 24% of the population – approximately 40 million individuals – is considered obese (20% over the ideal body weight).1 Morbid obesity is defined as weighing >100 lb more than ideal body weight or having a body mass index (BMI) of >40; its prevalence increased from 2.9% in 1988 to 1994 to 4.7% in 1999 to 2000.2

Models of macrophage subtypes require molecular characterization to reliably facilitate their differentiation. Although CD16+ (Fc-gamma III receptor) monocytes that express CD163 (a hemoglobin/haptoglobin receptor) have been implicated in a variety of disease states, the conditions necessary to establish lineages of these cell subtypes remains unknown. The current investigations utilize a cell line derived from acute myelogenous leukemia lineage, MonoMac-1, to interrogate the factors that promote the development of CD16+ macrophages that express CD163. Results implicate the glucocorticoid pathway as well as c-fms signaling based on the action of dexamethasone and macrophage colony-stimulating factor-1 in promoting CD16+ expression, in addition to phorbol myristate acetate and lipopolysaccharides treatment. The ability of glucocorticoid and c-fms receptor antagonists to inhibit CD16+ cell formation further establishes the role of these pathways in CD16 expression in this cell line. In view of the inherent difficulty in working with primary cells as well as donor variation, cell lines may be preferable to primary cells for their consistency. We envision that the process we use to induce CD16 expression in this cell type will be useful for screening and identification of drug candidates potentially useful for the treatment of diseases where the etiology involves the expansion of the CD16+ monocytes subset or the accumulation of CD163+ tissue macrophages.

The MagniSort Mouse F4/80 Positive Selection Kit is designed for the magnetic separation of F4/80+ cells by positive selection. It has been optimized for the isolation of F4/80+ cells from mouse bone marrow or splenocytes utilizing a biotinylated Anti-Mouse F4/80 antibody and streptavidin-coated mag

Mechanical properties of plant underground storage organs and implications for dietary models of early hominins

Breast cancer accounts for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Currently, treatment options in metastatic breast cancer consist of chemotherapy, along with endocrine, radiation, and/or biological therapies. Although advances in management have improved overall survival times, the treatment options for women with end-stage disease are mostly limited to supportive care., Herein, we present a case report that highlights the response of a 47-year-old premenopausal woman with end-stage (T4N3M1) breast cancer treated with metabolically supported chemotherapy (MSCT), ketogenic diet (KD), hyperthermia (HT), and hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT). The patient first noticed a right breast mass in late 2016, which was initially evaluated and ruled out as a cyst. Skin ulceration was observed in the region of the suspected cyst in May 2017. Subsequent bilateral breast ultrasound identified masses in both breasts and an enlarged right axillary lymph node. The diagnosis following biopsy was grade 3, estrogen receptor-positive (ER+), progesterone receptor-positive (PR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative (HER2-), invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. Initially, the patient refused to receive conventional chemotherapy because of its potential for side effects and toxicity, but she sought medical treatment in August 2018 following extensive disease progression and deterioration of general health. On reevaluation, the patient was considered ineligible for conventional treatment due to her advanced end-stage disease, poor performance status (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score: 3), and advanced respiratory symptoms. Exploring other options, the patient was admitted to the ChemoThermia Oncology Center, Istanbul, Turkey in November 2018. At that time, the patient weighed 38 kg (body mass index: 18.1 kg/m2) and had extensive metastatic disease with lesions in the brain, lungs, mediastinum, liver, abdomen, and bones that were detected by magnetic resonance imaging of the brain (with contrast) and whole-body (18F)-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography-computed tomography. The patient received a six-month treatment protocol comprised of MSCT, KD, HT, and HBOT, which eliminated all detectable lesions. The therapeutic response was sustained for two years with maintenance treatment comprising KD, dietary supplements, and repurposed medications. This single case report presents evidence of a complete and durable response to a treatment protocol combining MSCT and a novel metabolic therapy in a patient with end-stage breast cancer.

Macrophage polarization review exploring the function and phenotype of M1, M2, TAM, TCR+, CD169+ macrophages, plus comparisons between mouse and human macrophages.

This tells the epic story of an extraordinary troop of chimpanzees, as they brutally fought other colonies and each other to be the largest known to man. Subscribe to Discovery TV for more great clips: http://www.youtube.com/subscription_c... Follow Discovery on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/DiscoveryUK

A new national study has shown that nearly 75 percent of patients hospitalized for a heart attack had cholesterol levels that would indicate they were not at high risk for a cardiovascular event, according to current national cholesterol guidelines.

Scope Vegans might have a higher exposure to mycotoxins due to their heightened consumption of typical mycotoxin containing food sources. Yet, data on internal exposure among vegans in comparison to omnivores are currently lacking. Methods and Results This cross-sectional study included 36 vegans and 36 omnivores (50% females, 30–60 years). A set of 28 and 27 mycotoxins was analyzed in 24-h urine and serum samples, respectively, by validated multi-mycotoxin methods (HPLC-MS/MS). Ochratoxin A (OTA), 2’R-OTA, and enniatin B in serum as well as deoxynivalenol-glucuronide in 24-h urine were quantified in 57 to 100% of the samples. Serum OTA levels were twofold higher in vegans than in omnivores (median 0.24 versus 0.12 ng/mL; P <0.0001). No further significant differences were observed. Serum OTA levels were associated with intake of “vegan products” (r = 0.50, P <0.0001) and “pasta & rice” (r = 0.33, P = 0.006). Sensitivity analyses advise cautious interpretation. Furthermore, serum levels of 2’R-OTA were related to coffee consumption (r = 0.64, P

A soy-derived isoflavone and phytoestrogen with antineoplastic activity. Genistein binds to and inhibits protein-tyrosine kinase, thereby disrupting signal transduction and inducing cell differentiation.

UC Irvine scientists demonstrate that damaged cells undergo a metabolic shift to survive that arises from NAD+ depletion.

Neandertal mobility and large-game hunting: The exploitation of reindeer during the Quina Mousterian at Chez-Pinaud Jonzac (Charente-Maritime, France)

Ungulate mortality profiles are commonly used to study Neanderthal subsistence strategies. To assess the hunting strategies used by Neanderthals, we studied the ages at death of the cervids and equids found in levels E, H, I, Ja, Jb, K, L and M of

A dietitian and her colleagues explain how to make the new nutrition recommendations work best for you, so you can eat healthier.

Chris Kresser, a man well known to the followers of Paleolithic diets, and a concomitant article by a Hungarian writer in 2012 defended the use of nitrates and nitrites in foodstuffs, primarily in meat products. He presented nitrates and nitrites as substances

Atherosclerosis can be regarded as a chronic disease derived from the interaction between disordered lipoproteins and an unsuitable immune response. The evolution of foam cells is not only a significant pathological change in the early stage of atherosclerosis but also a key stage in the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis. The formation of foam cells is mainly caused by the imbalance among lipids uptake, lipids treatment, and reverse cholesterol transport. Although a large number of studies have summarized the source of foam cells and the mechanism of foam cells formation, we propose a new idea about foam cells in atherosclerosis. Rather than an isolated microenvironment, the macrophage multiple lipid uptake pathways, lipid internalization, lysosome, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, neutral cholesterol ester hydrolase (NCEH), acyl-coenzyme A–cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT), and reverse cholesterol transport are mutually influential, and form a dynamic process under multi-factor regulation. The macrophage takes on different uptake lipid statuses depending on multiple uptake pathways and intracellular lipids, lipid metabolites versus pro-inflammatory factors. Except for NCEH and ACAT, the lipid internalization of macrophages also depends on multicellular organelles including the lysosome, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum, which are associated with each other. A dynamic balance between esterification and hydrolysis of cholesterol for macrophages is essential for physiology and pathology. Therefore, we propose that the foam cell in the process of atherosclerosis may be dynamic under multi-factor regulation, and collate this study to provide a holistic and dynamic idea of the foam cell.

Cancer disease is the second cause of death in the United States and world-wide. Most Researchers estimate that 595,690 of American people will die from cancer at the end of the year 2017. That means 1,600 deaths/day approximately.39 Cancer in modern