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Human Breast Milk NMR Metabolomic Profile across Specific Geographical Locations and Its Association with the Milk Microbiota

Gómez-Gallego, Carlos; Morales, Jose Manuel; Monleón, Daniel; du Toit, Elloise; Kumar, Himanshu; Linderborg, Kaisa M.; Zhang, Yumei; Yang, Baoru; Isolauri, Erika; Salminen, Seppo; Collado, Maria Carmen

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2018-10

10/ggprcm

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Abstract:

The composition of human breast milk is highly variable, and it can be influenced by genetics, diet, lifestyle, and other environmental factors. This study aimed to investigate the impact of geographical location and mode of delivery on the nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) metabolic profile of breast milk and its relationship with the milk microbiome. Human milk metabolic and microbiota profiles were determined using NMR and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, respectively, in 79 healthy women from Finland, Spain, South Africa, and China. Up to 68 metabolites, including amino acids, oligosaccharides, and fatty acid-associated metabolites, were identified in the milk NMR spectra. The metabolite profiles showed significant differences between geographical locations, with significant differences (p

Automatic Tags

Female; China; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Human; Bacteria; Finland; Metabolomics; Microbiota; Cesarean Section; South Africa; Amino Acids; Milk, Human; Amines -- Blood; Choline -- Blood; Hexoses -- Blood; Spain; Geographic Factors; Sequence Analysis; 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid -- Blood; Acetic Acid -- Blood; Acetylcholine -- Blood; Acids, Acyclic -- Blood; Actinobacteria; Bacillus; Benzamides -- Blood; Creatine -- Blood; Ethanolamines -- Blood; Fatty Acids -- Metabolism; Histidine -- Blood; Lactates -- Blood; Lipoproteins, LDL -- Blood; Lysine -- Blood; Nucleosides -- Blood; Oligosaccharides; Phosphocreatine -- Blood; Polysaccharides -- Blood; Proline -- Blood; Riboflavin -- Blood; Urea -- Blood