The Association Between Coffee Consumption and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in the South Korean general population

Scope To identify the cross-sectional and prospective association between coffee consumption and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among South Korean adults. Methods and results Participants were selected from the Health Examinees study. NAFLD was defined using three non-invasive indexes: fatty liver index (FLI), hepatic steatosis index, and fibrosis-4 calculator (FIB-4).In the cross-sectional analysis, higher habitual coffee consumption was associated with a lower risk for NAFLD, defined using the FLI, (men, odds ratio [OR] 0.702; women, OR 0.810) compared with non-consumers. Participants who consumed coffee with sugar and creamer also had a lower risk for NAFLD, defined using the FIB-4, compared with non-coffee-consumers (men, OR 0.739; women, OR 0.807). A prospective analysis indicated that higher coffee consumption was associated with a lower incidence of NAFLD, defined using the FLI, in men (hazard ratio, 0.706). In both men and women, a lower FIB-4 index score was associated with higher coffee consumption regardless of coffee type (all p-value 3 cups per day had a protective effect against the development of NAFLD to a certain extent, and a negative association was found between coffee consumed with sugar and creamer and the FIB-4 index score in South Korean adults. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved