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Low-Carbohydrate Diet Score and Coronary Artery Calcium Progression: Results From the CARDIA Study
Gao, Jing-Wei; Hao, Qing-Yun; Zhang, Hai-Feng; Li, Xiong-Zhi; Yuan, Zhi-Min; Guo, Ying; Wang, Jing-Feng; Zhang, Shao-Ling; Liu, Pin-Ming
Abstract:
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether low-carbohydrate diets (LCDs) were associated with coronary artery calcium (CAC) progression. Approach and Results: We included the participants who completed computed tomography assessment of baseline CAC in 2000 to 2001 (year 15) and follow-up (year 20 or 25) and food frequency questionnaire (years 0, 7, and 20) in the CARDIA study (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults). CAC progression was defined as CAC >0 at follow-up among participants with baseline CAC of 0 and an annualized change of 10 or percent change of ≥10% for those with 0<baseline CAC
Automatic Tags
Female; Humans; Male; Adolescent; Adult; Young Adult; Risk Factors; Energy Intake; Disease Progression; Age Factors; Time Factors; United States; Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted; Longitudinal Studies; Prospective Studies; Predictive Value of Tests; Risk Assessment; risk factors; Coronary Angiography; Diet, High-Protein Low-Carbohydrate; cardiovascular diseases; Coronary Artery Disease; Computed Tomography Angiography; diet, carbohydrate-restricted; follow-up studies; Vascular Calcification; young adult
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