Published Science

Tuberculosis is a devastating disease that claims over 1.5 million lives each year. The increase in TB cases that are resistant to the current antibiotics means that novel drugs to kill Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) are urgently needed. Researchers from the University of Warwick have successfully discovered how Mycobacterium tuberculosis uses an essential sugar called trehalose, which provides a platform to design new and improved TB drugs and diagnostic agents.

A new study by Temple University School of Medicine researchers has shown why the pounds melt so quickly on low-carbohydrate diets, and it's not related to water, metabolism or boredom. The research was conducted in a group of obese patients with type 2 diabetes who followed the Atkins diet.

Association was equal to that of BMI, diabetes and age, greater than other lipid results like LDL or total cholesterol

Medical researchers noted improvements in body composition, fat distribution and metabolic health in response to an eight-week very low-carbohydrate diet. Older adults with obesity are at particularly high risk of developing cardiometabolic disease such as Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Rather than total fat mass, deposition of fat in certain areas, such as the abdominal cavity and skeletal muscle, may confer this greatest risk of disease development.

In recent years, tools for functional genomic studies have become increasingly feasible for use by evolutionary anthropologists. In this review, we provide brief overviews of several exciting in vitro techniques that can be paired with “-omics” approaches (e.g., genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) for potentially powerful evolutionary insights. These in vitro techniques include ancestral protein resurrection, cell line experiments using primary, immortalized, and induced pluripotent stem cells, and CRISPR-Cas9 genetic manipulation. We also discuss how several of these methods can be used in vivo, for transgenic organism studies of human and nonhuman primate evolution. Throughout this review, we highlight example studies in which these approaches have already been used to inform our understanding of the evolutionary biology of modern and archaic humans and other primates while simultaneously identifying future opportunities for anthropologists to use this toolkit to help answer additional outstanding questions in evolutionary anthropology.

(Visit: http://www.uctv.tv/) Robert H. Lustig, MD, UCSF Professor of Pediatrics in the Division of Endocrinology, explores the damage caused by sugary foods. He argues that fructose (too much) and fiber (not enough) appear to be cornerstones of the obesity epidemic through their effects on insulin. Recorded on 05/26/2009. [7/2009] [Show ID: 16717] Mini Medical School for the Public (https://www.uctv.tv/minimed) Explore More Health & Medicine on UCTV (https://www.uctv.tv/health) UCTV features the latest in health and medicine from University of California medical schools. Find the information you need on cancer, transplantation, obesity, disease and much more. UCTV is the broadcast and online media platform of the University of California, featuring programming from its ten campuses, three national labs and affiliated research institutions. UCTV explores a broad spectrum of subjects for a general audience, including science, health and medicine, public affairs, humanities, arts and music, business, education, and agriculture. Launched in January 2000, UCTV embraces the core missions of the University of California -- teaching, research, and public service – by providing quality, in-depth television far beyond the campus borders to inquisitive viewers around the world. (https://www.uctv.tv)

New research into the evolutionary history and prehistoric migrations of hyenas reveals surprising similarities between hyenas and prehistoric humans. The results also indicate that humans had a detrimental effect on hyena populations about 100,000 years ago.

To evaluate the neuroprotection exerted by ketosis against acute damage of the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). Search engines were interrogated to identify experimental studies comparing the mitigating effect of ketosis (intervention) versus non-ketosis (control) on acute CNS damage. Primary endpoint was a reduction in mortality. Secondary endpoints were a reduction in neuronal damage and dysfunction, and an ‘aggregated advantage’ (composite of all primary and secondary endpoints). Hedges' g was the effect measure. Subgroup analyses evaluated the modulatory effect of age, insult type, and injury site. Meta-regression evaluated timing, type, and magnitude of intervention as predictors of neuroprotection. The selected publications were 49 experimental murine studies (period 1979–2020). The intervention reduced mortality (g 2.45, SE 0.48, p < .01), neuronal damage (g 1.96, SE 0.23, p < .01) and dysfunction (g 0.99, SE 0.10, p < .01). Reduction of mortality was particularly pronounced in the adult subgroup (g 2.71, SE 0.57, p < .01). The aggregated advantage of ketosis was stronger in the pediatric (g 3.98, SE 0.71, p < .01), brain (g 1.96, SE 0.18, p < .01), and ischemic insult (g 2.20, SE 0.23, p

Vinegar ingestion reduces postprandial glycemia and lowers hemoglobin A1c in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D); however, the long-term effect of vinegar in non-T2D is not known. This 12-week, randomized, parallel-arm trial examined the impact of vinegar ingestion on fasting and postprandial glucose in high-risk individuals (fasting glucose, 98.3±3.7 mg/dl; fasting insulin, 19.0±2.9 uU/ml). Of the 14 participants (13/1 F/M; 46.0±3.9 y; 28.5±1.4 kg/m2), 8 were diagnosed prediabetic but not prescribed hypoglycemic medications. Two daily treatments were followed: VIN [2 tablespoons vinegar or 1.5 g acetic acid] or CON [2 vinegar pills or 0.08 g acetic acid]. Treatments were taken as a divided dose immediately prior to the lunch and dinner meals daily. Fasting glucose and 2-h postprandial glucose concentrations were recorded daily using a glucometer. Reductions in fasting glucose were immediate and sustained for VIN vs. CON (average 12 week reduction: -16.3±4.9 and -4.5±3.2 mg/dl respectively, p=0.05). Controlling for prediabetes diagnosis did not impact these results. Average 12 week reductions in 2-h postprandial glucose did not vary significantly between groups (-7.7±6.9 vs. 3.3±5.4 mg/dl for VIN and CON respectively, p=0.259).

"Tackling Climate Change Through Human Engineering" is the article by Matthew Liao for the book "The Next Step: Exponential Life".

A suite of unique physical and behavioral characteristics distinguishes Homo sapiens from other mammals. Three diagnostic human behaviors played key roles in human evolution: tool making, symbolic behavior and language, and the domestication of

Scope To identify the cross-sectional and prospective association between coffee consumption and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among South Korean adults. Methods and results Participants were selected from the Health Examinees study. NAFLD was defined using three non-invasive indexes: fatty liver index (FLI), hepatic steatosis index, and fibrosis-4 calculator (FIB-4).In the cross-sectional analysis, higher habitual coffee consumption was associated with a lower risk for NAFLD, defined using the FLI, (men, odds ratio [OR] 0.702; women, OR 0.810) compared with non-consumers. Participants who consumed coffee with sugar and creamer also had a lower risk for NAFLD, defined using the FIB-4, compared with non-coffee-consumers (men, OR 0.739; women, OR 0.807). A prospective analysis indicated that higher coffee consumption was associated with a lower incidence of NAFLD, defined using the FLI, in men (hazard ratio, 0.706). In both men and women, a lower FIB-4 index score was associated with higher coffee consumption regardless of coffee type (all p-value 3 cups per day had a protective effect against the development of NAFLD to a certain extent, and a negative association was found between coffee consumed with sugar and creamer and the FIB-4 index score in South Korean adults. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

How often do you pull out a block of leftover tofu, only to discover that it has gone bad

The carnivore

T-bones for breakfast, ground round for lunch, rib eyes for dinner — does this sound like your dream menu? Or your worst nightmare? Is eating a diet that consists only of animal products a simple, healing way to eat or an overly-restrictive regimen that borders on an eating disorder?

Need a short summary of my book The Whole Soy Story?  Need the main dangers spelled out? �...

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The Hagahai are a recently contacted group of seminomadic hunter-horticulturalists living in the fringe highlands of Madang Province in Papua New Guinea. Although occasional explorers and miners probably walked through their territory in the Schrader Mountains as early as the 1930s and several attempts were made to census them during the 1970s, the Hagahai effectively remained hidden from mission and government influence until the 1980s.

How can people who gorge on fat and rarely see a vegetable be healthier than we are?

This dietary intervention may help with detox and cravings.

ANNALS OF MEDICINE about the Pima Indian tribe and the difficulties of modern weight loss... The Pima Indian tribe lives on the Gila River Indian …