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Title:
Lipidomic Response to Coffee Consumption
Authors:
Kuang, Alan; Erlund, Iris; Herder, Christian; Westerhuis, Johan A.; Tuomilehto, Jaakko; Cornelis, Marilyn C.
Abstract:
Coffee is widely consumed and contains many bioactive compounds, any of which may impact pathways related to disease development. Our objective was to identify individual lipid changes in response to coffee drinking. We profiled the lipidome of fasting serum samples collected from a previously reported single blinded, three-stage clinical trial. Forty-seven habitual coffee consumers refrained from drinking coffee for 1 month, consumed 4 cups of coffee/day in the second month and 8 cups/day in the third month. Samples collected after each coffee stage were subject to quantitative lipidomic profiling using ion-mobility spectrometry⁻mass spectrometry. A total of 853 lipid species mapping to 14 lipid classes were included for univariate analysis. Three lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) species including LPC (20:4), LPC (22:1) and LPC (22:2), significantly decreased after coffee intake (p < 0.05 and q < 0.05). An additional 72 species mapping to the LPC, free fatty acid, phosphatidylcholine, cholesteryl ester and triacylglycerol classes of lipids were nominally associated with coffee intake (p 0.05); 58 of these decreased after coffee intake. In conclusion, coffee intake leads to lower levels of specific LPC species with potential impacts on glycerophospholipid metabolism more generally.
Published:
December 1, 2018
Title:
Metabolic reprogramming of mitochondrial respiration in metastatic cancer
Authors:
Herst, P. M.; Grasso, C.; Berridge, Michael V.
Abstract:
Tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis are tissue context-dependent processes. Cellular and non-cellular factors provide the selective microenvironment that determines the fate of the evolving tumor through mechanisms that include metabolic reprogramming. Genetic and epigenetic changes contribute to this reprogramming process, which is orchestrated through ongoing communication between the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes. Metabolic flexibility, in particular the ability to rapidly adjust the balance between glycolytic and mitochondrial energy production, is a hallmark of aggressive, invasive, and metastatic cancers. Tumor cells sustain damage to both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA during tumorigenesis and as a consequence of anticancer treatments. Nuclear and mitochondrial DNA mutations and polymorphisms are increasingly recognized as factors that influence metabolic reprogramming, tumorigenesis, and tumor progression. Severe mitochondrial DNA damage compromises mitochondrial respiration. When mitochondrial respiration drops below a cell-specific threshold, metabolic reprogramming and plasticity fail to compensate and tumor formation is compromised. In these scenarios, tumorigenesis can be restored by acquisition of respiring mitochondria from surrounding stromal cells. Thus, intercellular mitochondrial transfer has the potential to confer treatment resistance and to promote tumor progression and metastasis. Understanding the constraints of metabolic, and in particular bioenergetic reprogramming, and the role of intercellular mitochondrial transfer in tumorigenesis provides new insights into addressing tumor progression and treatment resistance in highly aggressive cancers.
Published:
December 1, 2018
Title:
Polyamine synthesis as a target of MYC oncogenes
Authors:
Bachmann, André S.; Geerts, Dirk
Abstract:
This paper is in recognition of the 100th birthday of Dr. Herbert Tabor, a true pioneer in the polyamine field for over 70 years, who served as the editor-in-chief of the Journal of Biological Chemistry from 1971 to 2010. We review current knowledge of MYC proteins (c-MYC, MYCN, and MYCL) and focus on ornithine decarboxylase 1 (ODC1), an important bona fide gene target of MYC, which encodes the sentinel, rate-limiting enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis. Although notable advances have been made in designing inhibitors against the “undruggable” MYCs, their downstream targets and pathways are currently the main avenue for therapeutic anticancer interventions. To this end, the MYC–ODC axis presents an attractive target for managing cancers such as neuroblastoma, a pediatric malignancy in which MYCN gene amplification correlates with poor prognosis and high-risk disease. ODC and polyamine levels are often up-regulated and contribute to tumor hyperproliferation, especially of MYC-driven cancers. We therefore had proposed to repurpose α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), an FDA-approved, orally available ODC inhibitor, for management of neuroblastoma, and this intervention is now being pursued in several clinical trials. We discuss the regulation of ODC and polyamines, which besides their well-known interactions with DNA and tRNA/rRNA, are involved in regulating RNA transcription and translation, ribosome function, proteasomal degradation, the circadian clock, and immunity, events that are also controlled by MYC proteins.
Published:
November 30, 2018
Title:
Strongest evidence of early humans butchering animals discovered in North Africa
Authors:
GibbonsNov. 29, Ann; 2018; Pm, 2:45
Abstract:
Discovery suggests some of the world’s first stone tools spread across Africa much earlier than expected
Published:
November 29, 2018
Title:
Late Bronze Age cultural origins of dairy pastoralism in Mongolia
Authors:
Orlando, Ludovic
Abstract:
Dairy products provide a substantial part of the food energy intake for many populations around the world. Fresh milk is an important source of many proteins (whey β-lactoglobulin and caseins), fats, vitamin D, calcium, and electrolytes—but it has only a single carbohydrate, lactose (1). We can all digest lactose as newborns but, after weaning, only some of us continue to express the lactase enzyme in our small intestine that digests lactose into glucose and galactose. Individuals with lactase persistence (LP) are thus lactose tolerant. Conversely, in lactase-nonpersistent individuals, the undigested lactose reaches the large intestine, where it undergoes bacterial fermentation, leading to a range of harmful symptoms, including diarrhea, flatulence, and constipation (2). The preparation of cheese and several milk beverages involves lactose fermentation, which is why lactose-intolerant persons can still benefit from the nutritional virtues of milk without suffering strong symptoms after consumption. With time, such food products have become part of the culinary identity of several countries, such as French cheese, Greek yogurt, and fermented mare’s milk known as kumis in Kazakhstan and airag in Mongolia. Archaeological evidence shows that dairy consumption came soon after the domestication of ruminants. Cattle-specific β-lactoglobulin and casein peptides have been detected in ∼8,000-y-old vessel sherds from Çatalhöyük in Turkey, only two millennia after taurine cattle were first domesticated (3). In Europe, lipid signatures indicative of cheese making were found in ∼7,400- to 6,800-y-old strainer vessels (4) [the earliest cheese ever found was preserved in an Egyptian jar for ∼3,300 y (5)]. In the central Asian steppe, the isotopic content of fatty acids in pottery has suggested that dairy consumption accompanied the early stages of horse domestication, some ∼5,500 y ago (6, 7). In contrast, the early origins of dairy consumption in the eastern Eurasian steppe, east of the Altai (or … [↵][1]1Email: ludovic.orlando{at}univ-tlse3.fr. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Published:
November 27, 2018
Title:
Prevalence of Optimal Metabolic Health in American Adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009–2016
Authors:
Araújo, Joana; Cai, Jianwen; Stevens, June
Abstract:
Background: Several guidelines for cardiometabolic risk factor identification and management have been released in recent years, but there are no estimates of current prevalence of metabolic health among adults in the United States. We estimated the proportion of American adults with optimal cardiometabolic health, using different guidelines.Methods: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009–2016 were analyzed (n = 8721). Using the most recent guidelines, metabolic health was defined as having optimal levels of waist circumference (WC <102/88 cm for men/women), glucose (fasting glucose <100 mg/dL and hemoglobin A1c <5.7%), blood pressure (systolic <120 and diastolic <80 mmHg), triglycerides (
Published:
November 27, 2018
Title:
Quantitative characterization of the urine and serum metabolomes of children is essential for 'omics' studies
Authors:
DiBattista, Alicia; Chakraborty, Pranesh
Abstract:
Understanding the long-term health impacts of the early-life exposome requires the characterization and assimilation of multi 'omics' data to ultimately link molecular changes to exposures. In this way, markers associated with negative health outcomes, such as increased disease risk, can be ascertained. However, determining the extent and direction of metabolic perturbations relies on comparisons to existing metabolomic reference profiles. While such resources are increasingly available for adult populations, analogous tools for children are decidedly lacking. Lau et al. have compiled robust, translatable quantitative metabolomics data on urine and serum samples for European children across six study locations. Metabolites were associated with body mass index, diet and demographics, and correlated within and between biofluids. As a result, a novel association between urinary 4-deoxyerythronic acid and body mass index was uncovered. This work serves as a crucial reference for future studies in exposomics, and - more broadly - represents a significant step forward for metabolomics by creating the foundation for a comprehensive reference metabolome for children.Please see related article: https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-018-1190-8.
Published:
November 26, 2018
Title:
Effects of a low carbohydrate diet on energy expenditure during weight loss maintenance: randomized trial
Authors:
Ebbeling, Cara B; Feldman, Henry A; Klein, Gloria L; Wong, Julia M W; Bielak, Lisa; Steltz, Sarah K; Luoto, Patricia K; Wolfe, Robert R; Wong, William W; Ludwig, David S
Abstract:
Objective To determine the effects of diets varying in carbohydrate to fat ratio on total energy expenditure. Design Randomized trial. Setting Multicenter collaboration at US two sites, August 2014 to May 2017. Participants 164 adults aged 18-65 years with a body mass index of 25 or more. Interventions After 12% (within 2%) weight loss on a run-in diet, participants were randomly assigned to one of three test diets according to carbohydrate content (high, 60%, n=54; moderate, 40%, n=53; or low, 20%, n=57) for 20 weeks. Test diets were controlled for protein and were energy adjusted to maintain weight loss within 2 kg. To test for effect modification predicted by the carbohydrate-insulin model, the sample was divided into thirds of pre-weight loss insulin secretion (insulin concentration 30 minutes after oral glucose). Main outcome measures The primary outcome was total energy expenditure, measured with doubly labeled water, by intention-to-treat analysis. Per protocol analysis included participants who maintained target weight loss, potentially providing a more precise effect estimate. Secondary outcomes were resting energy expenditure, measures of physical activity, and levels of the metabolic hormones leptin and ghrelin. Results Total energy expenditure differed by diet in the intention-to-treat analysis (n=162, P=0.002), with a linear trend of 52 kcal/d (95% confidence interval 23 to 82) for every 10% decrease in the contribution of carbohydrate to total energy intake (1 kcal=4.18 kJ=0.00418 MJ). Change in total energy expenditure was 91 kcal/d (95% confidence interval −29 to 210) greater in participants assigned to the moderate carbohydrate diet and 209 kcal/d (91 to 326) greater in those assigned to the low carbohydrate diet compared with the high carbohydrate diet. In the per protocol analysis (n=120, P<0.001), the respective differences were 131 kcal/d (−6 to 267) and 278 kcal/d (144 to 411). Among participants in the highest third of pre-weight loss insulin secretion, the difference between the low and high carbohydrate diet was 308 kcal/d in the intention-to-treat analysis and 478 kcal/d in the per protocol analysis (P
Published:
November 14, 2018
Title:
Manual lymphatic drainage adds no further volume reduction to Complete Decongestive Therapy on breast cancer-related lymphoedema: a multicentre, randomised, single-blind trial
Authors:
Tambour, Mette; Holt, Marianne; Speyer, Anette; Christensen, Robin; Gram, Bibi
Abstract:
Background We investigated the comparability of Complete Decongestive Therapy (CDT) including manual lymphatic drainage (MLD) vs. without MLD in the management of arm lymphoedema in patients with breast cancer. Methods Patients randomised into either treatment including MLD (T+MLD) or treatment without MLD (T−MLD) received treatment 2×weekly for 4 weeks. The primary outcome was the volume reduction (%) of arm lymphoedema at 7-month follow-up. The secondary outcomes were volume reduction after the end of treatment, circumference of the arm, patient experience of heaviness and tension, and health status. Results Despite difficulties enrolling the planned number of patients (160), 77 were randomised and 73 (38 in T+MLD, 35 in T−MLD) completed the trial. In both groups, the volume of lymphoedema decreased significantly, with no difference between groups (1.0% [95% CI, −4.3;2.3%]): the precision in the 95% confidence interval indicates that the efficacy was comparable; the mean (SE) changes at month 7 were −6.8%(1.2) and −5.7% (1.2) in the T+MLD and T−MLD, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences with respect to any of the secondary outcomes. The results were robust and the conclusion was not sensitive even to various alternative assumptions or analytic approaches to data analysis. Conclusion Manual lymphatic drainage adds no further volume reduction in breast cancer patients.
Published:
November 13, 2018
Title:
High Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Inversely Relates to Dementia in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: The Shanghai Aging Study
Authors:
Zhou, Fen; Deng, Wei; Ding, Ding; Zhao, Qianhua; Liang, Xiaoniu; Wang, Fei; Luo, Jianfeng; Zheng, Li; Guo, Qihao; Hong, Zhen
Abstract:
Published:
November 12, 2018
Title:
Intestinal in vitro and ex vivo Models to Study Host-Microbiome Interactions and Acute Stressors
Authors:
Pearce, Sarah C.; Coia, Heidi G.; Karl, J. P.; Pantoja-Feliciano, Ida G.; Zachos, Nicholas C.; Racicot, Kenneth
Abstract:
The gut microbiome is extremely important for maintaining homeostasis with host intestinal epithelial, neuronal, and immune cells and this host-microbe interaction is critical during times of stress or disease. Environmental, nutritional, and cognitive stress are just a few factors known to influence the gut microbiota and are thought to induce microbial dysbiosis. Research on this bidirectional relationship as it pertains to health and disease is extensive and rapidly expanding in both in vivo and in vitro/ex vivo models. However, far less work has been devoted to studying effects of host-microbe interactions on acute stressors and performance, the underlying mechanisms, and the modulatory effects of different stressors on both the host and the microbiome. Additionally, the use of in vitro/ex vivo models to study the gut microbiome and human performance has not been researched extensively nor reviewed. Therefore, this review aims to examine current evidence concerning the current status of in vitro and ex vivo host models, the impact of acute stressors on gut physiology/microbiota as well as potential impacts on human performance and how we can parlay this information for DoD relevance as well as the broader scientific community. Models reviewed include widely utilized intestinal cell models from human and animal models that have been applied in the past for stress or microbiology research as well as ex vivo organ/tissue culture models and new innovative models including organ-on-a-chip and co-culture models.
Published:
November 12, 2018
Title:
Depressive Symptoms and Vegetarian Diets: Results from the Constances Cohort
Authors:
Matta, Joane; Czernichow, Sébastien; Kesse-Guyot, Emmanuelle; Hoertel, Nicolas; Limosin, Frédéric; Goldberg, Marcel; Zins, Marie; Lemogne, Cedric
Abstract:
The association between depressive symptoms and vegetarian diets is controversial. This study examines the cross-sectional association between depressive symptoms and vegetarian diets while controlling for potential confounders. Among 90,380 subjects from the population-based Constances cohort, depressive symptoms were defined by a score ≥19 on the Centre of Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale and diet types (omnivorous, pesco-vegetarian, lacto-ovo-vegetarian and vegan) were determined with a food frequency questionnaire. Associations between depressive symptoms and diet were estimated through logistic regressions adjusting for socio-demographics, other foods, alcohol and tobacco consumption, physical activity and health-related concerns; specificity analyses considered the exclusion of any other food group. Depressive symptoms were associated with pesco-vegetarian and lacto-ovo-vegetarian diets in multivariable analyses (Odds-Ratio [95% confidence interval]: 1.43 [1.19–1.72] and 1.36 [1.09–1.70], respectively), especially in case of low legumes intake (p for interaction < 0.0001), as well as with the exclusion of any food group (e.g., 1.37 [1.24–1.52], 1.40 [1.31–1.50], 1.71 [1.49–1.97] for meat, fish and vegetables exclusion, respectively). Regardless of food type, the Odds-Ratio of depressive symptoms gradually increased with the number of excluded food groups (p for trend
Published:
November 6, 2018
Title:
Depressive Symptoms and Vegetarian Diets: Results from the Constances Cohort
Authors:
Matta, Joane; Czernichow, Sébastien; Kesse-Guyot, Emmanuelle; Hoertel, Nicolas; Limosin, Frédéric; Goldberg, Marcel; Zins, Marie; Lemogne, Cedric
Abstract:
The association between depressive symptoms and vegetarian diets is controversial. This study examines the cross-sectional association between depressive symptoms and vegetarian diets while controlling for potential confounders. Among 90,380 subjects from the population-based Constances cohort, depressive symptoms were defined by a score ≥19 on the Centre of Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale and diet types (omnivorous, pesco-vegetarian, lacto-ovo-vegetarian and vegan) were determined with a food frequency questionnaire. Associations between depressive symptoms and diet were estimated through logistic regressions adjusting for socio-demographics, other foods, alcohol and tobacco consumption, physical activity and health-related concerns; specificity analyses considered the exclusion of any other food group. Depressive symptoms were associated with pesco-vegetarian and lacto-ovo-vegetarian diets in multivariable analyses (Odds-Ratio [95% confidence interval]: 1.43 [1.19–1.72] and 1.36 [1.09–1.70], respectively), especially in case of low legumes intake (p for interaction < 0.0001), as well as with the exclusion of any food group (e.g., 1.37 [1.24–1.52], 1.40 [1.31–1.50], 1.71 [1.49–1.97] for meat, fish and vegetables exclusion, respectively). Regardless of food type, the Odds-Ratio of depressive symptoms gradually increased with the number of excluded food groups (p for trend
Published:
November 6, 2018
Title:
Advanced Glycation End Products and esRAGE Are Associated With Bone Turnover and Incidence of Hip Fracture in Older Men
Authors:
Lamb, Lydia S; Alfonso, Helman; Norman, Paul E; Davis, Timothy M E; Forbes, Josephine; Müench, Gerald; Irrgang, Felix; Almeida, Osvaldo P; Golledge, Jonathan; Hankey, Graeme J; Flicker, Leon; Yeap, Bu B
Abstract:
Published:
November 1, 2018
Title:
Intermittent living; the use of ancient challenges as a vaccine against the deleterious effects of modern life – A hypothesis
Authors:
Pruimboom, Leo; Muskiet, Frits A. J.
Abstract:
Chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCD) are the leading cause of mortality in developed countries. They ensue from the sum of modern anthropogenic risk factors, including high calorie nutrition, malnutrition, sedentary lifestyle, social stress, environmental toxins, politics and economic factors. Many of these factors are beyond the span of control of individuals, suggesting that CNCD are inevitable. However, various studies, ours included, show that the use of intermittent challenges with hormetic effects improve subjective and objective wellbeing of individuals with CNCD, while having favourable effects on immunological, metabolic and behavioural indices. Intermittent cold, heat, fasting and hypoxia, together with phytochemicals in multiple food products, have widespread influence on many pathways related with overall health. Until recently, most of the employed challenges with hormetic effects belonged to the usual transient live experiences of our ancestors. Our hypothesis; we conclude that, whereas the total inflammatory load of multi-metabolic and psychological risk factors causes low grade inflammation and aging, the use of intermittent challenges, united in a 7–10 days lasting hormetic intervention, might serve as a vaccine against the deleterious effects of chronic low grade inflammation and it’s metabolic and (premature) aging consequences.
Published:
November 1, 2018
Title:
β2-Adrenergic receptor signaling mediates the preferential mobilization of differentiated subsets of CD8+ T-cells, NK-cells and non-classical monocytes in response to acute exercise in humans
Authors:
Graff, Rachel M.; Kunz, Hawley E.; Agha, Nadia H.; Baker, Forrest L.; Laughlin, Mitzi; Bigley, Austin B.; Markofski, Melissa M.; LaVoy, Emily C.; Katsanis, Emmanuel; Bond, Richard A.; Bollard, Catherine M.; Simpson, Richard J.
Abstract:
Acute exercise preferentially mobilizes cytotoxic T-cells, NK-cells and non-classical monocytes to the bloodstream under the influence of hemodynamic forces and/or β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) signaling. However, the relative contribution of these mechanisms to the redeployment of the most exercise-responsive cell types is largely unknown. We determined the lymphocyte and monocyte subtypes mobilized to blood during exercise via β2-AR signaling whilst controlling for β1-AR mediated reductions in hemodynamic forces. In a randomized, double blind, complete cross-over design, 14 healthy cyclists exercised for 30-minutes at +10% of blood lactate threshold after ingesting: (1) a placebo, (2) a β1-preferential antagonist (10 mg bisoprolol), or (2) a non-preferential β1 + β2-antagonist (80 mg nadolol) across three trials separated by >7-days. Bisoprolol was administered to reduce hemodynamic forces (heart rate and blood pressure) during exercise to levels comparable with nadolol but without blocking β2-ARs. The mobilization of total NK-cells, terminally differentiated (CD57+) NK-cells, central memory, effector memory and CD45RA+ effector memory CD8+ T-cells; non-classical monocytes; and γδ T-cells were significantly blunted or abrogated under nadolol compared to both bisoprolol and placebo, indicating that the exercise-induced mobilization of these cell types to the blood is largely influenced by β2-AR signaling. Nadolol failed to inhibit the mobilization of classical monocytes, CD4+ T-cells (and their subsets) or naïve CD8+ T-cells, indicating that these cell types are mobilized with exercise independently of the β2-AR. We conclude that the preferential mobilization of NK-cells, non-classical monocytes and differentiated subsets of CD8+ T-cells with exercise is largely dependent on catecholamine signaling through the β2-AR. These findings provide mechanistic insights by which distinct lymphocyte and monocyte subtypes are preferentially mobilized to protect the host from anticipated injury or infection in response to an acute stress response.
Published:
November 1, 2018
Title:
Physiological genomics of dietary adaptation in a marine herbivorous fish
Authors:
Heras, Joseph; Chakraborty, Mahul; Emerson, J. J.; German, Donovan P.
Abstract:
Abstract
Adopting a new diet is a significant evolutionary change and can profoundly affect an animal’s physiology, biochemistry, ecology, and its genome. To study this evolutionary transition, we investigated the physiology and genomics of digestion of a derived herbivorous fish, the monkeyface prickleback (Cebidichthys violaceus). We sequenced and assembled its genome and digestive transcriptome and revealed the molecular changes related to important dietary enzymes, finding abundant evidence for adaptation at the molecular level. In this species, two gene families experienced expansion in copy number and adaptive amino acid substitutions. These families, amylase, and bile salt activated lipase, are involved digestion of carbohydrates and lipids, respectively. Both show elevated levels of gene expression and increased enzyme activity. Because carbohydrates are abundant in the prickleback’s diet and lipids are rare, these findings suggest that such dietary specialization involves both exploiting abundant resources and scavenging rare ones, especially essential nutrients, like essential fatty acids.
Published:
October 31, 2018
Title:
Radial polydactyly: putting together evolution, development and clinical anatomy
Authors:
Crowley, Bríd; Stevenson, Susan; Diogo, Rui
Abstract:
Evolutionary developmental pathology, a new biological field, connects the study of evolution, development and human pathologies. In radial polydactyly, traditional studies have focused mainly on skeletal anomalies. This study examines anatomical and operative records of 54 consecutive cases of radial polydactyly to investigate whether there is a consistent spatial correlation between muscles, tendons and bones and whether this reflects a link between the mechanisms that generate these structures. The data are explored in the context of two current models of limb development: the modularity and topology models. Autopod (hand) tendons and muscles are more predictable in terms of insertion site, supporting both topology and modularity models. Zeugopod (forearm) tendons are less predictable. Neither model universally predicts the anatomy in radial polydactyly. These observations provide evidence for the complexity of anatomy in radial polydactyly and the difficulty in predicting operative findings based on the level of skeletal duplication alone.
Published:
October 30, 2018
Title:
Prolonging healthy aging: Longevity vitamins and proteins
Authors:
Ames, Bruce N.
Abstract:
It is proposed that proteins/enzymes be classified into two classes according to their essentiality for immediate survival/reproduction and their function in long-term health: that is, survival proteins versus longevity proteins. As proposed by the triage theory, a modest deficiency of one of the nutrients/cofactors triggers a built-in rationing mechanism that favors the proteins needed for immediate survival and reproduction (survival proteins) while sacrificing those needed to protect against future damage (longevity proteins). Impairment of the function of longevity proteins results in an insidious acceleration of the risk of diseases associated with aging. I also propose that nutrients required for the function of longevity proteins constitute a class of vitamins that are here named “longevity vitamins.” I suggest that many such nutrients play a dual role for both survival and longevity. The evidence for classifying taurine as a conditional vitamin, and the following 10 compounds as putative longevity vitamins, is reviewed: the fungal antioxidant ergothioneine; the bacterial metabolites pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) and queuine; and the plant antioxidant carotenoids lutein, zeaxanthin, lycopene, α- and β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, and the marine carotenoid astaxanthin. Because nutrient deficiencies are highly prevalent in the United States (and elsewhere), appropriate supplementation and/or an improved diet could reduce much of the consequent risk of chronic disease and premature aging.
Published:
October 23, 2018
Title:
AHS18 J. Stanton - Voices of the Gods: How We Lost Our Minds to Agriculture
Authors:
Abstract:
If you value these open access videos, please consider supporting our ability to provide them free of charge, for the public good. Even a modest donation helps us continue to realize our mission to educate the public about the field of ancestral health. Make a small recurring donation at www.ancestralhealth.org/donate --------------------------------------------------- Julian Jaynes' "The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind" posits a provocative but well-supported thesis: inhabitants of early agricultural civilizations were not conscious as we are today. They literally heard the voices of their gods, who commanded them to sow and reap and build monuments in the most rigid, authoritarian, hierarchical societies ever to exist - “palace economies.” What if this were true? In this presentation, I unite several well-substantiated but orphaned theories and inconvenient facts from archaeology, botany, history, medicine, and psychology - including work by and about Julian Jaynes, Gobekli Tepe, Wadley and Martin, clinical schizophrenia, Richard Dawkins, and Jonathan Sauer - into a startling yet coherent narrative that explains how we literally lost our minds to wheat-based agriculture, and only regained consciousness after thousands of years.
Published:
October 15, 2018
Title:
Triggers, Protectors, and Predictors in Episodic Migraine
Authors:
Marmura, Michael J.
Abstract:
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: A wide variety of triggers prompt attacks in episodic migraine. Although experimental triggers such as glyceryl trinitrate reliably produce migraine, natural triggers are much less predictable and vary in importance between individuals. This review describes the most common triggers in episodic migraine and provides strategies for managing them in clinical practice. RECENT FINDINGS: Multiple migraine attack triggers have been established based on patient surveys, diary studies, and clinical trials. Stress, menstrual cycle changes, weather changes, sleep disturbances, alcohol, and other foods are among the most common factors mentioned. Clinical studies have verified that fasting, premenstrual periods in women, "letdown" after stress, and most likely low barometric pressures are migraine triggers. Premonitory symptoms such as neck pain, fatigue, and sensitivity to lights, sounds, or odors may mimic triggers. Multiple studies clearly demonstrate triggers in episodic migraine, often related to change in homeostasis or environment. Many common migraine triggers are not easily modifiable, and avoiding triggers may not be realistic. Healthy lifestyle choices such as exercise, adequate sleep, stress management, and eating regularly may prevent triggers and transformation to chronic migraine over time.
Published:
October 5, 2018
Title:
Intelligent design
Authors:
Pobiner, Briana; Terry, Mark
Abstract:
Intelligent design (ID) is a nonscientific idea that holds certain features of the universe and living things as too complex to have arisen through undirected, chance processes such as evolution by natural selection. Instead, proponents claim these features are evidence of design in nature and best explained by an unspecified intelligent cause or agent. The modern ID movement, which seeks to include ID content in science classrooms, distances itself from its clear Christian creationist roots by deliberately not referencing a supernatural designer.
Published:
October 4, 2018
Title:
Implication of Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) in Disease: Potential Biomarker or New Therapeutic Target
Authors:
Janeiro, Manuel H.; Ramírez, María J.; Milagro, Fermin I.; Martínez, J. Alfredo; Solas, Maite
Abstract:
DOAJ is an online directory that indexes and provides access to quality open access, peer-reviewed journals.
Published:
October 1, 2018
Title:
Biomarker of food intake for assessing the consumption of dairy and egg products
Authors:
Münger, Linda H; Garcia-Aloy, Mar; Vázquez-Fresno, Rosa; Gille, Doreen; Rosana, Albert Remus R; Passerini, Anna; Soria-Florido, María-Trinidad; Pimentel, Grégory; Sajed, Tanvir; Wishart, David S; Andres Lacueva, Cristina; Vergères, Guy; Praticò, Giulia
Abstract:
Dairy and egg products constitute an important part of Western diets as they represent an excellent source of high-quality proteins, vitamins, minerals and fats. Dairy and egg products are highly diverse and their associations with a range of nutritional and health outcomes are therefore heterogeneous. Such associations are also often weak or debated due to the difficulty in establishing correct assessments of dietary intake. Therefore, in order to better characterize associations between the consumption of these foods and health outcomes, it is important to identify reliable biomarkers of their intake. Biomarkers of food intake (BFIs) provide an accurate measure of intake, which is independent of the memory and sincerity of the subjects as well as of their knowledge about the consumed foods. We have, therefore, conducted a systematic search of the scientific literature to evaluate the current status of potential BFIs for dairy products and BFIs for egg products commonly consumed in Europe. Strikingly, only a limited number of compounds have been reported as markers for the intake of these products and none of them have been sufficiently validated. A series of challenges hinders the identification and validation of BFI for dairy and egg products, in particular, the heterogeneous composition of these foods and the lack of specificity of the markers identified so far. Further studies are, therefore, necessary to validate these compounds and to discover new candidate BFIs. Untargeted metabolomic strategies may allow the identification of novel biomarkers, which, when taken separately or in combination, could be used to assess the intake of dairy and egg products.
Published:
September 29, 2018
Title:
Metabolomics Analysis of the Lipid-Regulating Effect of Allium hookeri in a Hamster Model of High-Fat Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemia by UPLC/ESI-Q-TOF Mass Spectrometry
Authors:
Jang, Gwang-Ju; Sung, Mi Jeong; Hur, Haeng Jeon; Yoo, Miyoung; Choi, Jung Hoon; Hwang, In Koo; Lee, Sanghee
Abstract:
Hyperlipidemia is a risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and is a major public health concern. Allium hookeri (AH) is an Allium species containing high levels of bioactive organosulfur compounds such as methiin and cycloalliin. AH exerts hypolipidemic effects in animals fed a high-fat diet. However, there exists little information on the mechanisms underlying these effects. To address this issue, we used a metabolomic approach based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry to identify factors mediating the lipid-lowering effects of AH. Principal component and partial least-squares discriminant analyses of serum metabolome profiles revealed 25 metabolites as potential biomarkers for the effects of AH on lipid levels. These compounds were predominantly phospholipids, including phosphatidylcholines (PCs), lysoPCs, and lysophosphatidylethanolamines. Glycerophospholipid metabolism was identified as a significantly enriched pathway. These results provide mechanistic insight into the antihyperlipidemic effects of AH and evidence for its efficacy as a therapeutic agent.
Published:
September 27, 2018
Title:
“Pay for Success” Projects: Financing Interventions That Address Social Determinants of Health in 20 Countries
Authors:
Iovan, Samantha; Lantz, Paula M.; Shapiro, Shoshana
Abstract:
Over the past eight years, there has been an increase in the use of pay for success (PFS) as a financing tool whereby private investors provide initial funding for preventive health and human service interventions. If an independent evaluator deems the interventions successful, investors are repaid by the government.To better understand how PFS is used, we created a global landscape surveillance system to track and analyze data on all PFS projects that have launched through 2017. We focus on the potential for PFS to improve population health by funding interventions that target the social determinants of health.Our findings show that all launched projects to date have implemented interventions aimed at improving the structural and intermediary social determinants of health, primarily in socioeconomically disadvantaged populations. Although there are some challenges associated with PFS, we believe it is a promising tool for financing interventions aimed at social determinants of health in underserved and marginalized populations.
Published:
September 25, 2018
Title:
Adhering to a vegetarian diet may create a greater risk of depressive symptoms in the elderly male Chinese population.: A vegetarian diet may be a risk factor for depression but this relationship was unclear in the elderly Chinese population. http://bioportfol.io/Ql7QDh pic.twitter.com/iv8R3ev6k4
Authors:
News, Bipolar
Abstract:
Published:
September 23, 2018
Title:
Development of zebrafish paired and median fin musculature: basis for comparative, developmental, and macroevolutionary studies
Authors:
Siomava, Natalia; Shkil, Fedor; Voronezhskaya, Elena; Diogo, Rui
Abstract:
The model organism Dario rerio (zebrafish) is widely used in evo-devo and comparative studies. Nevertheless, little is known about the development and differentiation of the appendicular musculature in this fish. In this study, we examined the development of the muscles of all five zebrafish fin types (pectoral, pelvic, anal, dorsal and caudal). We describe the development of the muscles of these fins, including some muscles that were never mentioned in the literature, such as the interhypurales of the caudal fin. Interestingly, these caudal muscles are present in early stages but absent in adult zebrafishes. We also compare various stages of zebrafish fin muscle development with the configuration found in other extant fishes, including non-teleostean actinopterygians as well as cartilaginous fishes. The present work thus provides a basis for future developmental, comparative, evolutionary and evo-devo studies and emphasizes the importance of developmental works on muscles for a more comprehensive understanding of the origin, development and evolution of the appendicular appendages of vertebrate animals.
Published:
September 21, 2018
Title:
Supplementary Material
Authors:
Siomava, Natalia; Shkil, Fedor; Voronezhskaya, Elena; Diogo, Rui
Abstract:
Published:
September 21, 2018
Title:
Bipolar calculus: solving for x, where x is the underlying cause of debilitating symptoms, and the functions are seven medications, six diagnoses, sleep, diet, stress, and “other.” The energy it takes to live with bipolar is sometimes all I have; sometimes it’s more than I have.
Authors:
Saari ✝️ 🎶 🇫🇮, Rev Dr Aaron Maurice
Abstract:
Published:
September 19, 2018
Title:
Soybean Oil-Derived Poly-Unsaturated Fatty Acids Enhance Liver Damage in NAFLD Induced by Dietary Cholesterol
Authors:
Henkel, Janin; Alfine, Eugenia; Saín, Juliana; Jöhrens, Korinna; Weber, Daniela; Castro, José P.; König, Jeannette; Stuhlmann, Christin; Vahrenbrink, Madita; Jonas, Wenke; Kleinridders, André; Püschel, Gerhard P.
Abstract:
While the impact of dietary cholesterol on the progression of atherosclerosis has probably been overestimated, increasing evidence suggests that dietary cholesterol might favor the transition from blunt steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), especially in combination with high fat diets. It is poorly understood how cholesterol alone or in combination with other dietary lipid components contributes to the development of lipotoxicity. The current study demonstrated that liver damage caused by dietary cholesterol in mice was strongly enhanced by a high fat diet containing soybean oil-derived ω6-poly-unsaturated fatty acids (ω6-PUFA), but not by a lard-based high fat diet containing mainly saturated fatty acids. In contrast to the lard-based diet the soybean oil-based diet augmented cholesterol accumulation in hepatocytes, presumably by impairing cholesterol-eliminating pathways. The soybean oil-based diet enhanced cholesterol-induced mitochondrial damage and amplified the ensuing oxidative stress, probably by peroxidation of poly-unsaturated fatty acids. This resulted in hepatocyte death, recruitment of inflammatory cells, and fibrosis, and caused a transition from steatosis to NASH, doubling the NASH activity score. Thus, the recommendation to reduce cholesterol intake, in particular in diets rich in ω6-PUFA, although not necessary to reduce the risk of atherosclerosis, might be sensible for patients suffering from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Published:
September 18, 2018
Title:
Heads, Jaws, and Muscles: Anatomical, Functional, and Developmental Diversity in Chordate Evolution
Authors:
Ziermann, Janine; Diaz, Raul; Diogo, Rui
Abstract:
- Broadens your understanding on the origin of the vertebrate head - Provides a unique multidisciplinary coverage of the “Heads, Jaws and Muscles”, their evolution, and diversification among chordates - Written in a fluid, easy-to-understand way for both the scientific community as well as biology enthusiasts The vertebrate head is the most complex part of the animal body and its diversity in nature reflects a variety of life styles, feeding modes, and ecological adaptations. This book will take you on a journey to discover the origin and diversification of the head, which evolved from a seemingly headless chordate ancestor. Despite their structural diversity, heads develop in a highly conserved fashion in embryos. Major sensory organs like the eyes, ears, nose, and brain develop in close association with surrounding tissues such as bones, cartilages, muscles, nerves, and blood vessels. Ultimately, this integrated unit of tissues gives rise to the complex functionality of the musculoskeletal system as a result of sensory and neural feedback, most notably in the use of the vertebrate jaws, a major vertebrate innovation only lacking in hagfishes and lampreys. The cranium subsequently further diversified during the major transition from fishes living in an aquatic environment to tetrapods living mostly on land. In this book, experts will join forces to integrate, for the first time, state-of-the-art knowledge on the anatomy, development, function, diversity, and evolution of the head and jaws and their muscles within all major groups of extant vertebrates. Considerations about and comparisons with fossil taxa, including emblematic groups such as the dinosaurs, are also provided in this landmark book, which will be a leading reference for many years to come.
Published:
September 15, 2018
Title:
Risk factors for chronic bronchitis in indigenous inhabitants of the Arctic zone in Western Siberia, Russia
Authors:
Lobanov, Andrei; Andronov, Sergey; Emelyanov, Alexandr; Popov, Andrei; Lobanova, Lilia; Kochkin, Ruslan; Bogdanova, Elena; Protasova, Irina
Abstract:
Nenets (reindeer herders nomads) are indigenous residents of the Arctic zone in Western Siberia. The aim of our study was to assess prevalence of chronic bronchitis and its risk factors in indigenous residents. The 616 indigenous people (26.8% men) aged 24-59 yrs (mean 42.2 yr), 8.0% of the total adult indigenous population in the area, participated in our cross-sectional survey. GARD questionnaire was used to analyze clinical symptoms. Upper airway diseases were excluded by the examination of ENT specialist. Pulmonary function was measured by dry spirometer (SpiroUSB ML 2525 CareFusion, UK) according to ATS/ERS criteria (2005). There were no differences by age (U–27547.0; p=0.3) and by sex (χ2–4.7; p=0.1) between healthy and patients with chronic bronchitis. Third of the respondents smoke and contact with open fire pollutants, 25.0% lived in a traditional dwelling "chum", 44.8% of respondents worked in the cold. Multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to predict risk of chronic bronchitis. The prevalence of chronic bronchitis with normal lung function among the respondents was 19.2%. Fifty percent of active smokers who used stove heating and worked in cold air had symptoms of chronic bronchitis. Combination of smoking and work in open cold air increase risk of developing chronic bronchitis by three times. The use of stove heating increases the risk of respiratory symptoms by two times. Specificity and sensitivity of analysis were 93.8% and 82.7%. We conclude that active smoking, stove heating and unhealthy condition of work are important risk factors of chronic bronchitis in indigenous residents in Arctic zone of Russia. Support from the RFBR grant № 18-010-00875.
Published:
September 15, 2018
Title:
The impact of traditional nutrition on reduction of the chronic nonobstructive bronchitis risk in the indigenous peoples living in tundra of the Arctic zone in Western Siberia, Russia
Authors:
Andronov, Sergey; Lobanov, Andrei; Popov, Andrei; Lobanova, Lilia; Kochkin, Ruslan; Bogdanova, Elena; Protasova, Irina
Abstract:
Indigenous inhabitants of the Arctic zone the use of an open hearth, portable stoves for heating leads to a high load of pollutants, that combined with the cold what can cause the activation of peroxidation. It is possible to prevent activation with the help of traditional nutrition (raw fish, venison), with high antioxidant activity (vitamins A, ω-3). Our study aimed to develop risk models to determine the minimum sufficient rates of venison and fish consumption and to prevent the development of chronic nonobstructive bronchitis in reindeer herders. 616 reindeer herders (26.8% of men) aged 30-59 (mean age – 42.2), that is 8.0% of the total adult population of the district, participated in a cross-sectional study. The analysis of the diet was conducted using questionnaires. Nonlinear logit regression was used to build risk models. Permissible minimum amount of venison and fish was calculated to reduce the risk. The diagnosis of chronic nonobstructive bronchitis was established according to WHO definition. Lung function was assessed by a dry spirometer (SpiroUSB ML 2525 CareFusion, UK). To reduce the risk of developing chronic nonobstructive bronchitis, minimum sufficient daily portion of deer meat should be at least 190 grams (OR=1.5), cheek – 158 grams (OR=1.5), pikes – 40 grams (OR=4.2, 95% CI–1.3–10.2). Eating venison and pike 2 times a week, a cheek – every other day is considered to be enough. To conclude, adequate use of traditional food reduces the risk of chronic nonobstructive bronchitis. Support from the RFBR (grant № 18-010-00875\18).
Published:
September 15, 2018
Title:
First, I do an extremely carb-restrictive diet for a number of reasons, least of which is actually losing weight. FOR ME, keto is beneficial in that it reduces joint inflammation, controls my insulin resistance, & helps keep my bipolar brain a bit more level. #keloricdeficit
Authors:
Bristol, Kelly
Abstract:
Published:
September 14, 2018
Title:
Immunomodulation by Processed Animal Feed: The Role of Maillard Reaction Products and Advanced Glycation End-Products (AGEs)
Authors:
Teodorowicz, Malgorzata; Hendriks, Wouter H.; Wichers, Harry J.; Savelkoul, Huub F. J.
Abstract:
The immune system provides host protection to infection with pathogenic organisms, while at the same time providing tolerance upon exposure to harmless antigens. Thus, an impaired immune function is associated with increased susceptibility to infections with increased disease severity and thereby necessitating the therapeutic use of antibiotics. Livestock performance and feed efficiency, in addition to their health status, are dependent on the microbial load of their gut, the barrier function of the intestinal epithelium and the activity of the mucosal immune system, all of which can be modulated by dietary components. The majority of feeds that are consumed in pets and livestock have been processed. Processing promotes a non-enzymatic reaction between proteins and sugars called Maillard reaction (MR). Maillard reaction products (MRPs) and advanced Maillard reaction products (AGEs) determine taste, smell, and color of many food products therefore the MR is highly relevant for the feed industry. MRPs interact with different types of immune receptors, including the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and immunomodulatory potential of feed proteins can be modified by Maillard reaction. This MR has become an important concern since MRPs/AGEs have been shown to contribute to increasing prevalence of diet-related chronic inflammatory states in the gut with negative health consequences and performance. The immunomodulatory effects of dietary MRPs and AGEs in livestock and pet animals are far less well-described, but widely considered to be similar to the relevant concepts and mechanisms obtained in the human field. This review will highlight immunological mechanisms underlying initiation of the innate and adaptive immune responses by MRPs/AGEs present in animal feeds, which are currently not completely understood. Bridging this knowledge gap, and taking advantage of progress in the human field, will significantly improve nutritional quality of feed and increase the prevention of diet-mediated inflammation in animals.
Published:
September 13, 2018
Title:
Diet Coke is addictive and I’m no sponsor of it, but I’ve never seen it cause psychosis or bipolar disorder. I wish I could say the same about marijuana, but experience of loved ones proves otherwise
Authors:
Drexus
Abstract:
Published:
September 12, 2018
Title:
Fatty diet active hydrophobic spots and decompression sickness.: In a study of the effect of a fatty diet on decompression bubbles based on the responses to a questionnaire regarding daily food consumption the approximate fat intake for each diver was… http://bioportfol.io/QjsYLG pic.twitter.com/VDkMpTP8Vr
Authors:
News, Bipolar
Abstract:
Published:
September 11, 2018
Title:
Biomarkers of legume intake in human intervention and observational studies: a systematic review
Authors:
Sri Harsha, Pedapati S. C.; Wahab, Roshaida Abdul; Aloy, Mar Garcia; Madrid-Gambin, Francisco; Estruel-Amades, Sheila; Watzl, Bernhard; Andrés-Lacueva, Cristina; Brennan, Lorraine
Abstract:
There is a growing interest in assessing dietary intake more accurately across different population groups, and biomarkers have emerged as a complementary tool to replace traditional dietary assessment methods. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature available and evaluate the applicability and validity of biomarkers of legume intake reported across various observational and intervention studies. A systematic search in PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Knowledge identified 44 studies which met the inclusion criteria for the review. Results from observational studies focused on soy or soy-based foods and demonstrated positive correlations between soy intake and urinary, plasma or serum isoflavonoid levels in different population groups. Similarly, intervention studies demonstrated increased genistein and daidzein levels in urine and plasma following soy intake. Both genistein and daidzein exhibited dose-response relationships. Other isoflavonoid levels such as O-desmethylangolensin (O-DMA) and equol were also reported to increase following soy consumption. Using a developed scoring system, genistein and daidzein can be considered as promising candidate markers for soy consumption. Furthermore, genistein and daidzein also served as good estimates of soy intake as evidenced from long-term exposure studies marking their status as validated biomarkers. On the contrary, only few studies indicated proposed biomarkers for pulses intake, with pipecolic acid and S-methylcysteine reported as markers reflecting dry bean consumption, unsaturated aliphatic, hydroxyl-dicarboxylic acid related to green beans intake and trigonelline reported as marker of peas consumption. However, data regarding criteria such as specificity, dose-response and time-response relationship, reliability, and feasibility to evaluate the validity of these markers is lacking. In conclusion, despite many studies suggesting proposed biomarkers for soy, there is a lack of information on markers of other different subtypes of legumes. Further discovery and validation studies are needed in order to identify reliable biomarkers of legume intake.
Published:
September 10, 2018
Title:
#BIPOLAR #DEPRESSION #NATURALCURE Bipolar Disorder May Be a Side-effect of a Nutritional Deficiency - Correcting Your Diet Can Help Beat It http://bit.ly/2KI6rD7 pic.twitter.com/j9Q346Qp95
Authors:
Storm, Stillness in the
Abstract:
Published:
September 9, 2018
Title:
Half a day on a vegetarian diet and I’ve gone all Peter Kay with a woman’s voice... Have I lost weight yet? Does my skin look more radiant? No? Fuck off.
Authors:
K
Abstract:
Published:
September 8, 2018
Title:
About the Book
Authors:
Diogo, Rui; Noden, Drew; Smith, Christopher; Molnar, Julia; Boughner, Julia; Barrocas, Claudia; Araújo Bruno, Joana
Abstract:
Published:
September 3, 2018
Title:
Fecal microbiota and bile acid interactions with systemic and adipose tissue metabolism in diet-induced weight loss of obese postmenopausal women
Authors:
Alemán, José O.; Bokulich, Nicholas A.; Swann, Jonathan R.; Walker, Jeanne M.; De Rosa, Joel Correa; Battaglia, Thomas; Costabile, Adele; Pechlivanis, Alexandros; Liang, Yupu; Breslow, Jan L.; Blaser, Martin J.; Holt, Peter R.; Alemán, José O
Abstract:
Background: Microbiota and bile acids in the gastrointestinal tract profoundly alter systemic metabolic processes. In obese subjects, gradual weight loss ameliorates adipose tissue inflammation and related systemic changes. We assessed how rapid weight loss due to a very low calorie diet (VLCD) affects the fecal microbiome and fecal bile acid composition, and their interactions with the plasma metabolome and subcutaneous adipose tissue inflammation in obesity.Methods: We performed a prospective cohort study of VLCD-induced weight loss of 10% in ten grades 2-3 obese postmenopausal women in a metabolic unit. Baseline and post weight loss evaluation included fasting plasma analyzed by mass spectrometry, adipose tissue transcription by RNA sequencing, stool 16S rRNA sequencing for fecal microbiota, fecal bile acids by mass spectrometry, and urinary metabolic phenotyping by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Outcome measures included mixed model correlations between changes in fecal microbiota and bile acid composition with changes in plasma metabolite and adipose tissue gene expression pathways.Results: Alterations in the urinary metabolic phenotype following VLCD-induced weight loss were consistent with starvation ketosis, protein sparing, and disruptions to the functional status of the gut microbiota. We show that the core microbiome was preserved during VLCD-induced weight loss, but with changes in several groups of bacterial taxa with functional implications. UniFrac analysis showed overall parallel shifts in community structure, corresponding to reduced abundance of the genus Roseburia and increased Christensenellaceae;g__ (unknown genus). Imputed microbial functions showed changes in fat and carbohydrate metabolism. A significant fall in fecal total bile acid concentration and reduced deconjugation and 7-α-dihydroxylation were accompanied by significant changes in several bacterial taxa. Individual bile acids in feces correlated with amino acid, purine, and lipid metabolic pathways in plasma. Furthermore, several fecal bile acids and bacterial species correlated with altered gene expression pathways in adipose tissue.Conclusions: VLCD dietary intervention in obese women changed the composition of several fecal microbial populations while preserving the core fecal microbiome. Changes in individual microbial taxa and their functions correlated with variations in the plasma metabolome, fecal bile acid composition, and adipose tissue transcriptome. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01699906, 4-Oct-2012, Retrospectively registered. URL- https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01699906.
Published:
September 3, 2018
Title:
Head and Neck
Authors:
Diogo, Rui; Noden, Drew; Smith, Christopher; Molnar, Julia; Boughner, Julia; Barrocas, Claudia; Araújo Bruno, Joana
Abstract:
Published:
September 3, 2018
Title:
Lower Limb
Authors:
Diogo, Rui; Noden, Drew; Smith, Christopher; Molnar, Julia; Boughner, Julia; Barrocas, Claudia; Araújo Bruno, Joana
Abstract:
Published:
September 3, 2018
Title:
Trunk
Authors:
Diogo, Rui; Noden, Drew; Smith, Christopher; Molnar, Julia; Boughner, Julia; Barrocas, Claudia; Araújo Bruno, Joana
Abstract:
Published:
September 3, 2018
Title:
Upper Limb
Authors:
Diogo, Rui; Noden, Drew; Smith, Christopher; Molnar, Julia; Boughner, Julia; Barrocas, Claudia; Araújo Bruno, Joana
Abstract:
Published:
September 3, 2018
Title:
Genetics and biology of prostate cancer
Authors:
Wang, Guocan; Zhao, Di; Spring, Denise J.; DePinho, Ronald A.
Abstract:
Despite the high long-term survival in localized prostate cancer, metastatic prostate cancer remains largely incurable even after intensive multimodal therapy. The lethality of advanced disease is driven by the lack of therapeutic regimens capable of generating durable responses in the setting of extreme tumor heterogeneity on the genetic and cell biological levels. Here, we review available prostate cancer model systems, the prostate cancer genome atlas, cellular and functional heterogeneity in the tumor microenvironment, tumor-intrinsic and tumor-extrinsic mechanisms underlying therapeutic resistance, and technological advances focused on disease detection and management. These advances, along with an improved understanding of the adaptive responses to conventional cancer therapies, anti-androgen therapy, and immunotherapy, are catalyzing development of more effective therapeutic strategies for advanced disease. In particular, knowledge of the heterotypic interactions between and coevolution of cancer and host cells in the tumor microenvironment has illuminated novel therapeutic combinations with a strong potential for more durable therapeutic responses and eventual cures for advanced disease. Improved disease management will also benefit from artificial intelligence-based expert decision support systems for proper standard of care, prognostic determinant biomarkers to minimize overtreatment of localized disease, and new standards of care accelerated by next-generation adaptive clinical trials.
Published:
September 1, 2018
Title:
Last Neanderthals in the warmest refugium of Europe: Palynological data from Vanguard Cave
Authors:
Carrión, José; Ochando, Juan; Fernández, Santiago; Blasco, Ruth; Rosell Ardèvol, Jordi; Munuera, Manuel; Amorós, Gabriela; Martín Lerma, Ignacio; Finlayson, Stewart; Giles, F.; Jennings, Richard; Finlayson, Geraldine; Giles Guzmán, Francisco; Vidal, Joaquín; Finlayson, Clive
Abstract:
This paper deals with pollen analyses performed on hyaena coprolites from Vanguard Cave, Gibraltar, with the aim at depicting the vegetation landscapes of the southern Iberia Neanderthals during the MIS 3. The Palaeolithic vegetation in the surroundings would include pine, oak, juniper, Pistacia, and mixed woodlands, savannahs, riverine forest patches, heliophytic matorrals, rocky scrub with chamaephytes and hemicryptophytes, grasslands with heaths, shrubby grasslands, and steppe-like saltmarshes and littoral vegetation. A comparison with a former palaeobotanical study in the adjacent Gorham´s Cave providing data for the MIS 3 and MIS 2, is carried out. Placing the palaeobotanical records of Vanguard and Gorham´s Caves in an European context, the southern coasts of Iberia emerge as the most thermic phytoreservoir of the Late Quaternary, which have important implications for existing arguments about the long survival of Neanderthals in the Iberian Peninsula.
Published:
September 1, 2018
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