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History List
Traditionally, Inuit children were breast-fed for three to five years and sometimes into the sixth and seventh years. Breastfeeding would prevent ovulation and be a natural form of birth control. Bottle feeding was introduced in the late 1950's, changing the traditional strategy.
The Northern Copper Inuit - A History
December 1, 1959
Tuberculosis treatment required evacuations to Canada and take several years. Dr Schaefer believed the lower rate of tuberculosis in one Inuit community reflected their better traditional meat diet while the higher rate in another reflected the southern foods purchased at the local trading store.
The Northern Copper Inuit - A History
December 1, 1962
The modernization of the Inuit of the Holman region is described. Inuit are lent a debt and can no longer engage in midwinter subsistence hunting when trapping foxes. Trapping was fully entrenched by the 1940's in the Holman region and people were eating sugar and flour instead of seals, caribou, and polar bears.
The Northern Copper Inuit - A History
January 2, 1922
Corporal Wall describes the health differences of various Copper Inuit settlements noting that those with access to the country meat foods (instead of the white man's tea, sugar, flour, and jam) were "a fine healthy looking bunch." He also notes the influence of Christianity and how people would rather sing hymns on Sunday than hunt for needed meat.
RCMP Patrol Report 1933 - The Northern Copper Inuit - A History
February 2, 1932
Copper Inuit religion was concerned with the here and now and a goddess named Arnapkapfaaluk 'big bad woman' that allocated seals to those hunters that carefully followed the taboos. Those that take part in a kill must share it in order to not embarrass the animal spirit.
The Northern Copper Inuit - A history
January 2, 1911
Fatty caribou are prized by Eskimos, especially during the late summer, but the time involves periods of feasting and fasting as game is scarce. Kuptana describes how a chisel tool is used by a young man on his first kill to open the brain of a freshly killed caribou for a feast. The hunting party dedicated all their time to hunting and storing caribou meat for later in the autumn when food is scarce.
The Northern Copper Inuit - A History
June 1, 1911
The Copper Inuit people operate in a remote and frigid landscape and have unique habits to hunt seals and polar bears on the ice. They split up to cover more area and thus share kills between group members, separating seals up into 14 pieces while building large snowhouse communities with many families.
The Northern Copper Inuit - A History
January 1, 1911
The transcribed words of Sam Oliktoak and Rene Taipana, Eskimo elders, describe how they would travel according to the best fishing and hunting patterns of the region, even waiting for the caribou to grow longer and thicker hair for better clothing. In a world of ice and meat, they were dependent upon the animals and a deep knowledge of how to survive.
The Northern Copper Inuit - A history
June 22, 1915
Jenness describes the hunting and fishing habits of the Northern Copper Inuit and was impressed by their ability to endure long walks without food in the hunt for caribou. The effect of the white men's economic habits start to make the Eskimos dependent upon civilization for survival, while making famines less likely.
The Northern Copper Inuit - A History
June 23, 1915
At that instance, the Inuit immediately rushed to the caribou that was shot down. In no time at all, the fresh killed carcass was devoured by the Inuit. The white man started in disbelief at the way the carcass disappeared so swiftly. The reason the Inuit devoured the caribou so quickly was because it was a change in diet. Their main staple food all winter was seal meat.
The Northern Copper Inuit - A History
January 1, 1911
Christian Klengenberg, a Dane born in 1869, signs on as a cook to travel the world and ends up exploring the Arctic in 1893, where he meets the Eskimos, learns their language and customs, and decides to marry a young Inupiat woman. He hunts bowhead whales and lives off the land and finds traces of the Northern Copper Inuit whom he would later visit.
The Northern Copper Inuit - A History
December 20, 1893
British explorer McClure meets the Northern Copper Inuit for the first time. The Eskimos, who have never met non-Eskimos, ask where the white men's hunting grounds are- indicating farming was foreign to them. Members of the expedition noted the Eskimos were self sufficient carnivores, living only off of hunting and fishing and using hammered copper tools collected from particular places.
The Northern Copper Inuit - A History
March 1, 1851
A Civil War Nurse describes how hated the starchy foods were in camps: "They had what they desired, in or out of season, and all seemed to object to the nutriment concocted from those tasteless and starchy compounds of wheat, corn and arrowroot, that are so thick and heavy to swallow, and so little nutritious."
A Southern Woman's Story
January 1, 1879
George Blackburn and Bruce Bistrian of Harvard Medical School create the protein-sparing modified fast to treat patients with obesity: 650-800 calories a day of nothing but lean fish, meat, and fowl. It had effectively no carbohydrates. In 700 patients over 4 months, they lost 50 pounds on average while feeling little hunger. However, Blackburn and Bistrian thought this diet was lethal due to being high in saturated fat.
January 1, 1985
Dr James Sidbury instructed parents to feed only fat and protein up to 700 calories to their obese children - when carbohydrates are omitted, the kids with obesity are satisifed with less food. "The satiety value of such diets is superior to diets high in carbohydrate and low in fat."
A program of weight reduction in children
January 1, 1975
The Harvard psychologist William Sheldon observed in the late 1940s that starving a fat man doesn’t actually turn him into a lean man or a muscular, athletic one any more than starving a mastiff turns it into a collie or a greyhound. For the dogs, you get an emaciated mastiff. For the humans, an emaciated fat man.
January 1, 1949
Dr Louis Newburgh, who thinks obesity is caused by overeating, publishes a case study on a man doing a 4,177 calorie all meat diet for 7 months but admits that there are no problems when not overdoing the protein content.
The Nephropathic Effect in Man of a Diet High in Beef Muscle and Liver.
January 1, 1930
Dr Osler explains the disease of gout and its etiology (hereditary, food, alcohol, lead) and theories (uric-acid, nervous, Ebstein's), however, the treatment of the chronic condition is a low carb diet where "starchy and saccharine articles of food are to be taken in very limited quantities."
The principles and practice of medicine : designed for the use of practitioners and students of medicine
January 1, 1892
Osler describes oxaluria which occurs in the urine and the crystals form a calculus. "The amount varies extremely with the diet, and it is increased largely when such fruits and vegetables as tomatoes and rhubarb are taken"
The principles and practice of medicine : designed for the use of practitioners and students of medicine
January 1, 1892
Osler explains what happens when one gets scurvy but repeats the myth that vegetables are necessary to cure it. He even quotes the theory of Ralfe who predated him 10 years but did not mention that meat can cure or prevent scurvy.
The principles and practice of medicine : designed for the use of practitioners and students of medicine
January 1, 1892
Dr William Osler quotes Dr Sydenham's diabetes advice - which include "let the patient eat food of easy digestion, such as veal, mutton, and the like, and abstain from all sorts of fruit and garden stuff" as well as "carbohydrates in the food should be reduced to a minimum."
The Principles and Practice of Medicine - Designed for the use of practioners and students of medicine by William Osler M.D. FRCP.
January 1, 1892
The first female African American doctor, Rebecca Crumpler, wrote this book in 1883 and describes how a broiled lamb chop or beef should be added to an infant's diet while weaning. The full book is easy to read and is again a fascinating mix of religion and observation, typical of the time period.
A book of medical discourses: in two parts
January 1, 1883
The leading British diabetologist of the day - Dr Frederick Pavy, publishes a dietary for the diabetic full of animal meats, eggs, cheese, greens and nuts. "Must avoid eating: Sugar in any form, Bread, Potatoes. Peas. Cabbage. Pastry. Fruit of all kinds."
Researches on the Nature and Treatment of Diabetes
May 10, 1862
Thomas King Chambers treats diabetes based on what he has learned from Bouchardat, 23 years earlier, and excludes sugar and carbohydrates while recommending meat and fat. After listing animal products, he lists some low carb ketogenic vegetables.
A Manual of Diet in Health and Disease
January 1, 1875
Lenna’s first book, The New Cookery (Good Health Publishing, 1913), featured nutritionally balanced, attractive, and palatable vegetarian recipes, most of which were served at the Battle Creek Sanitarium. Many of these unique recipes incorporated innovative nut, wheat gluten, and legume- based meat substitutes, whole grain cereals, and other vegetarian food products.
Academy Co-Founder Lenna Frances Cooper: A Pioneer in Vegetarian Nutrition and Dietetics
January 1, 1913
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