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Title:
Measuring the Toughness of Primate Foods and its Ecological Value
Authors:
Lucas, Peter W.; Copes, Lynn; Constantino, Paul J.; Vogel, Erin R.; Chalk, Janine; Talebi, Mauricio; Landis, Mariana; Wagner, Mark
Abstract:
The mechanical properties of plant foods play an important role in the feeding process, being one of many criteria for food acceptance or rejection by primates. One of the simplest justifications for this statement is the general finding that primates tend to avoid foods with high fiber. Although fiber is largely tasteless, odorless, and colorless, it imparts texture, a sensation in the mouth related to the physical properties of foods. All primates encounter such mechanical resistance when they bite into plant food, and studies on humans show that an incisal bite facilitates quick oral assessment of a property called toughness. Thus, it is feasible that primates make similar assessments of quality in this manner. Here, we review methods of measuring the toughness of primate foods, which can be used either for making general surveys of the properties of foods available to primates or for establishing the mechanisms that protect these foods from the evolved form of the dentition.
Published:
May 31, 2012
Title:
‘It's a full time job being poor’: understanding barriers to diabetes prevention in immigrant communities in the USA
Authors:
Chaufan, Claudia; Constantino, Sophia; Davis, Meagan
Abstract:
This study explores the social determinants of diabetes in a low-income, Latino, and immigrant neighborhood in a Californian city, emphasizing food environments. We conducted focus groups and semi-structured interviews of a convenience sample of staff and clients at a local non-governmental organization. Eight themes emerged as key barriers to healthy eating: (1) cost of food vis-à-vis income; (2) transportation; (3) language; (4) stigma; (5) immigration status; (6) insufficient formal/informal food assistance; (7) work conditions; and (8) competing basic needs/constraints of poverty. We conclude that the public health and health education rhetoric of ‘individual choice’ is a barrier in itself to understanding the diabetes epidemic, and that without the recognition and understanding of, and intervention upon, socioeconomic, policy, and political barriers to healthy lifestyles, the prevention of diabetes will remain out of reach.
Published:
May 31, 2012
Title:
Subclinical hyperthyroidism and the risk of coronary heart disease and mortality
Authors:
Collet, Tinh-Hai; Gussekloo, Jacobijn; Bauer, Douglas C.; den Elzen, Wendy P. J.; Cappola, Anne R.; Balmer, Philippe; Iervasi, Giorgio; Åsvold, Bjørn O.; Sgarbi, José A.; Völzke, Henry; Gencer, Bariş; Maciel, Rui M. B.; Molinaro, Sabrina; Bremner, Alexandra; Luben, Robert N.; Maisonneuve, Patrick; Cornuz, Jacques; Newman, Anne B.; Khaw, Kay-Tee; Westendorp, Rudi G. J.; Franklyn, Jayne A.; Vittinghoff, Eric; Walsh, John P.; Rodondi, Nicolas; Thyroid Studies Collaboration
Abstract:
BACKGROUND: Data from prospective cohort studies regarding the association between subclinical hyperthyroidism and cardiovascular outcomes are conflicting.We aimed to assess the risks of total and coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality, CHD events, and atrial fibrillation (AF) associated with endogenous subclinical hyperthyroidism among all available large prospective cohorts. METHODS: Individual data on 52 674 participants were pooled from 10 cohorts. Coronary heart disease events were analyzed in 22 437 participants from 6 cohorts with available data, and incident AF was analyzed in 8711 participants from 5 cohorts. Euthyroidism was defined as thyrotropin level between 0.45 and 4.49 mIU/L and endogenous subclinical hyperthyroidism as thyrotropin level lower than 0.45 mIU/L with normal free thyroxine levels, after excluding those receiving thyroid-altering medications. RESULTS: Of 52 674 participants, 2188 (4.2%) had subclinical hyperthyroidism. During follow-up, 8527 participants died (including 1896 from CHD), 3653 of 22 437 had CHD events, and 785 of 8711 developed AF. In age- and sex-adjusted analyses, subclinical hyperthyroidism was associated with increased total mortality (hazard ratio[HR], 1.24, 95% CI, 1.06-1.46), CHD mortality (HR,1.29; 95% CI, 1.02-1.62), CHD events (HR, 1.21; 95%CI, 0.99-1.46), and AF (HR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.16-2.43).Risks did not differ significantly by age, sex, or preexisting cardiovascular disease and were similar after further adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors, with attributable risk of 14.5% for total mortality to 41.5% forAF in those with subclinical hyperthyroidism. Risks for CHD mortality and AF (but not other outcomes) were higher for thyrotropin level lower than 0.10 mIU/L compared with thyrotropin level between 0.10 and 0.44 mIU/L(for both, P value for trend, .03). CONCLUSION: Endogenous subclinical hyperthyroidism is associated with increased risks of total, CHD mortality, and incident AF, with highest risks of CHD mortality and AF when thyrotropin level is lower than 0.10 mIU/L.
Published:
May 27, 2012
Title:
Increased infiltrated macrophages in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH): role of stromal androgen receptor in macrophage-induced prostate stromal cell proliferation
Authors:
Wang, Xiaohai; Lin, Wen-Jye; Izumi, Kouji; Jiang, Qi; Lai, Kuo-Pao; Xu, Defeng; Fang, Lei-Ya; Lu, Tianjing; Li, Lei; Xia, Shujie; Chang, Chawnshang
Abstract:
Infiltrated macrophages may play important roles in the development and progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. We found increased macrophages infiltration in human and mouse BPH tissues. By establishing a co-culture transwell system, we found increased migration of macrophages and proliferation of prostate stromal cells during co-culture. Importantly, stromal androgen receptor (AR) could enhance the migration of macrophages and macrophage-mediated stromal cell proliferation. We identified CCL3 as an AR downstream player, and found CCL3 levels were notably increased in human and mouse BPH prostates. Ablation of prostate stromal AR in a mouse BPH model significantly reduced CCL3 expression levels in prostates. Consistently, targeting AR via an AR degradation enhancer, ASC-J9®, or neutralization of CCL3 with an antibody, resulted in suppression of macrophage migration and prostate stromal cell growth. Our study provides mechanistic insights on the regulation of prostate stromal cells by macrophages via stromal AR/CCL3 signaling pathways, which could potentially allow the development of therapeutic approaches for battling BPH with persistent inflammation.
Published:
May 24, 2012
Title:
Inflammation-Mediated Memory Dysfunction and Effects of a Ketogenic Diet in a Murine Model of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors:
Kim, Do Young; Hao, Junwei; Liu, Ruolan; Turner, Gregory; Shi, Fu-Dong; Rho, Jong M.
Abstract:
A prominent clinical symptom in multiple sclerosis (MS), a progressive disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) due to heightened neuro-inflammation, is learning and memory dysfunction. Here, we investigated the effects of a ketogenic diet (KD) on memory impairment and CNS-inflammation in a murine model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), using electrophysiological, behavioral, biochemical and in vivo imaging approaches. Behavioral spatial learning deficits were associated with motor disability in EAE mice, and were observed concurrently with brain inflammation. The KD improved motor disability in the EAE model, as well as CA1 hippocampal synaptic plasticity (long-term potentiation) and spatial learning and memory (assessed with the Morris Water Maze). Moreover, hippocampal atrophy and periventricular lesions in EAE mice were reversed in KD-treated EAE mice. Finally, we found that the increased expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, as well as the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), in our EAE model were both suppressed by the KD. Collectively, our findings indicate that brain inflammation in EAE mice is associated with impaired spatial learning and memory function, and that KD treatment can exert protective effects, likely via attenuation of the robust immune response and increased oxidative stress seen in these animals.
Published:
May 1, 2012
Title:
Effect of a Short-Duration, Culturally Tailored, Community-Based Diabetes Self-management Intervention for Korean Immigrants: A Pilot Study
Authors:
Choi, Sarah E.; Rush, Elizabeth B.
Abstract:
Purpose, The purpose of this pilot study was to assess the effectiveness, feasibility, and acceptability of a short-duration, culturally tailored, community-based diabetes self- management program (CTCDSP) for Korean immigrants with type 2 diabetes delivered at a non-clinic-affiliated community center., Methods, Forty-one Korean adults with type 2 diabetes participated in a 2-session CTCDSP delivered by a bilingual nurse practitioner at a Korean community center. Outcome measures included biological, behavioral, and general health well-being; diabetes knowledge; and self-efficacy assessed at baseline, post-education, and 3-month follow-up. Repeated-measures analyses of variance were used to explore mean differences in outcomes across the 3 assessment points., Results, From baseline to 3-month follow-up assessment, participants exhibited significant improvement on several physiological and behavioral measures. Mean levels of hemoglobin A1c and waist circumference decreased, whereas high-density lipoprotein levels increased. Additionally, participants reported an increase in weekly feet checks, and there was a trend increase in participants’ reported frequency of exercise activities. The feasibility of the CTCDSP was established, and participant satisfaction with the program was high., Conclusions, A short-duration CTCDSP may be an effective, feasible, and favorably received approach to improving diabetes outcomes in Korean and potentially other underserved ethnic minority immigrants who have limited access to mainstream clinic-based diabetes self-management programs.
Published:
April 30, 2012
Title:
The Curcumin Analog ca27 Down-Regulates Androgen Receptor Through an Oxidative Stress Mediated Mechanism in Human Prostate Cancer Cells
Authors:
Fajardo, Alexandra M.; MacKenzie, Debra A.; Ji, Ming; Deck, Lorraine M.; Vander Jagt, David L.; Thompson, Todd A.; Bisoffi, Marco
Abstract:
BACKGROUND The androgen receptor (AR) plays a critical role in prostate cancer development and progression. Therefore, the inhibition of AR function is an established therapeutic intervention. Since the expression of the AR is retained and often increased in progressive disease, AR protein down-regulation is a promising therapeutic approach against prostate cancer. We show here that the curcumin analog 27 (ca27) down-regulates AR expression in several prostate cancer cell lines. METHODS ca27 at low micromolar concentrations was tested for its effect on AR expression, AR activation, and induction of oxidative stress in human LNCaP, C4-2, and LAPC-4 prostate cancer cells. RESULTS ca27 induced the down-regulation of AR protein expression in LNCaP, C4-2, and LAPC-4 cells within 12 hr. Further, ca27 led to the rapid induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). To further support this finding, ca27 treatment led to the activation of the cellular redox sensor NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and the induction of the Nrf2-regulated genes NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 and aldoketoreductase 1C1. We show that ROS production preceded AR protein loss and that ca27-mediated down-regulation of the AR was attenuated by the antioxidant, N-acetyl cysteine. CONCLUSIONS ca27 induces ROS and mediates AR protein down-regulation through an oxidative stress mechanism of action. Our results suggest that ca27 represents a novel agent for the elucidation of mechanisms of AR down-regulation, which could lead to effective new anti-androgenic strategies for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer.
Published:
April 30, 2012
Title:
The Ketogenic Diet Is an Effective Adjuvant to Radiation Therapy for the Treatment of Malignant Glioma
Authors:
Abdelwahab, Mohammed G.; Fenton, Kathryn E.; Preul, Mark C.; Rho, Jong M.; Lynch, Andrew; Stafford, Phillip; Scheck, Adrienne C.
Abstract:
Introduction: The ketogenic diet (KD) is a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet that alters metabolism by increasing the level of ketone bodies in the blood. KetoCalH (KC) is a nutritionally complete, commercially available 4:1 (fat: carbohydrate+protein) ketogenic formula that is an effective non-pharmacologic treatment for the management of refractory pediatric epilepsy. Diet-induced ketosis causes changes to brain homeostasis that have potential for the treatment of other neurological diseases such as malignant gliomas. Methods: We used an intracranial bioluminescent mouse model of malignant glioma. Following implantation animals were maintained on standard diet (SD) or KC. The mice received 264 Gy of whole brain radiation and tumor growth was followed by in vivo imaging. Results: Animals fed KC had elevated levels of b-hydroxybutyrate (p = 0.0173) and an increased median survival of approximately 5 days relative to animals maintained on SD. KC plus radiation treatment were more than additive, and in 9 of 11 irradiated animals maintained on KC the bioluminescent signal from the tumor cells diminished below the level of detection (p,0.0001). Animals were switched to SD 101 days after implantation and no signs of tumor recurrence were seen for over 200 days. Conclusions: KC significantly enhances the anti-tumor effect of radiation. This suggests that cellular metabolic alterations induced through KC may be useful as an adjuvant to the current standard of care for the treatment of human malignant gliomas.
Published:
April 30, 2012
Title:
The Ketogenic Diet Is an Effective Adjuvant to Radiation Therapy for the Treatment of Malignant Glioma
Authors:
Abdelwahab, Mohammed G.; Fenton, Kathryn E.; Preul, Mark C.; Rho, Jong M.; Lynch, Andrew; Stafford, Phillip; Scheck, Adrienne C.
Abstract:
Introduction The ketogenic diet (KD) is a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet that alters metabolism by increasing the level of ketone bodies in the blood. KetoCal® (KC) is a nutritionally complete, commercially available 4∶1 (fat∶ carbohydrate+protein) ketogenic formula that is an effective non-pharmacologic treatment for the management of refractory pediatric epilepsy. Diet-induced ketosis causes changes to brain homeostasis that have potential for the treatment of other neurological diseases such as malignant gliomas. Methods We used an intracranial bioluminescent mouse model of malignant glioma. Following implantation animals were maintained on standard diet (SD) or KC. The mice received 2×4 Gy of whole brain radiation and tumor growth was followed by in vivo imaging. Results Animals fed KC had elevated levels of β-hydroxybutyrate (p = 0.0173) and an increased median survival of approximately 5 days relative to animals maintained on SD. KC plus radiation treatment were more than additive, and in 9 of 11 irradiated animals maintained on KC the bioluminescent signal from the tumor cells diminished below the level of detection (p
Published:
April 30, 2012
Title:
Impact of Carnivory on Human Development and Evolution Revealed by a New Unifying Model of Weaning in Mammals
Authors:
Psouni, Elia; Janke, Axel; Garwicz, Martin
Abstract:
Our large brain, long life span and high fertility are key elements of human evolutionary success and are often thought to have evolved in interplay with tool use, carnivory and hunting. However, the specific impact of carnivory on human evolution, life history and development remains controversial. Here we show in quantitative terms that dietary profile is a key factor influencing time to weaning across a wide taxonomic range of mammals, including humans. In a model encompassing a total of 67 species and genera from 12 mammalian orders, adult brain mass and two dichotomous variables reflecting species differences regarding limb biomechanics and dietary profile, accounted for 75.5%, 10.3% and 3.4% of variance in time to weaning, respectively, together capturing 89.2% of total variance. Crucially, carnivory predicted the time point of early weaning in humans with remarkable precision, yielding a prediction error of less than 5% with a sample of forty-six human natural fertility societies as reference. Hence, carnivory appears to provide both a necessary and sufficient explanation as to why humans wean so much earlier than the great apes. While early weaning is regarded as essentially differentiating the genus Homo from the great apes, its timing seems to be determined by the same limited set of factors in humans as in mammals in general, despite some 90 million years of evolution. Our analysis emphasizes the high degree of similarity of relative time scales in mammalian development and life history across 67 genera from 12 mammalian orders and shows that the impact of carnivory on time to weaning in humans is quantifiable, and critical. Since early weaning yields shorter interbirth intervals and higher rates of reproduction, with profound effects on population dynamics, our findings highlight the emergence of carnivory as a process fundamentally determining human evolution.
Published:
April 17, 2012
Title:
Cholesterol Efflux and Atheroprotection: Advancing the Concept of Reverse Cholesterol Transport
Authors:
Rosenson, Robert S.; Brewer, H. Bryan; Davidson, W. Sean; Fayad, Zahi A.; Fuster, Valentin; Goldstein, James; Hellerstein, Marc; Jiang, Xian-Cheng; Phillips, Michael C.; Rader, Daniel J.; Remaley, Alan T.; Rothblat, George H.; Tall, Alan R.; Yvan-Charvet, Laurent
Abstract:
Published:
April 16, 2012
Title:
Weight management and its role in breast cancer rehabilitation
Authors:
Demark-Wahnefried, Wendy; Campbell, Kristin L.; Hayes, Sandra C.
Abstract:
Overweight and obesity are risk factors for post-menopausal breast cancer, and many women diagnosed with breast cancer, irrespective of menopausal status, gain weight after diagnosis. Weight management plays an important role in rehabilitation and recovery since obesity and/or weight gain may lead to poorer breast cancer prognosis, as well as prevalent co-morbid conditions (e.g. cardiovascular disease and diabetes), poorer surgical outcomes (e.g., increased operating and recovery times, higher infection rates, and poorer healing), lymphedema, fatigue, functional decline, and poorer health and overall quality of life. Health care professionals should encourage weight management at all phases of the cancer care continuum as a means to potentially avoid adverse sequelae and late effects, as well as to improve overall health and possibly survival. Comprehensive approaches that involve dietary and behavior modification, and increased aerobic and strength training exercise have shown promise in either preventing weight gain or promoting weight loss, reducing biomarkers associated with inflammation and comorbidity, and improving lifestyle behaviors, functional status, and quality of life in this high-risk patient population.
Published:
April 14, 2012
Title:
20.6% of U.S. Health Care Costs Are Caused by Obesity
Authors:
Grandoni, Dino
Abstract:
America, we've told you this before. You've put on a few these past few decades. And beside those new pairs of jeans you had to buy, we now know just how much your ever-expanding waist is costing you in yet another way: Doctor's bills.
Published:
April 12, 2012
Title:
Human Nutritional Evolution
Authors:
Leonard, William
Abstract:
In examining human nutrition from an evolutionary perspective, many important themes emerge. First, it is clear that we share many aspects of our nutritional biology with our primate kin. Humans are eclectic, omnivorous feeders whose metabolic rates are about what would be predicted for a comparably size primate or mammal. Yet despite these similarities, humans depart substantially from other primates in having a much higher quality, more nutrient-dense diet than expected for a primate of our size. Adaptation to this dietary regime is reflected in our gut morphology, which in some aspects more closely resembles a carnivore than a folivore or frugivore. It appears that this dietary adaptation is a product of evolutionary trends for increased relative brain size (encephalization) in the hominid lineage over the past 2 million to 2.5 million years. With a relatively larger brain size, the proportion of daily energy requirements used by the brain increases and necessitates a more easily digestible and energy-rich diet. Beyond these broad species-level similarities and differences between human and other primates, humans display remarkable intraspecific dietary and metabolic diversity. Ethnic and interpopulational variation in lactose tolerance and diabetes, for example, suggest that distinct dietary and metabolic adaptations (both functional or physiological and genetic) can emerge quite rapidly over evolutionary time. Hence, whereas attempts to broadly define the “natural” (i.e., evolutionarily prescribed) diet for the human species may have some heuristic value, they are problematic in that they obscure important nutritional differences among human groups. Indeed, what characterizes the human species is our ability to “make a meal” in any environment. The fact that human populations are able to survive, reproduce and flourish on such a remarkable range of different dietary regimes has been a hallmark of our evolutionary success.
Published:
April 5, 2012
Title:
The impact of vegan diet on B-12 status in healthy omnivores: five-year prospective study
Authors:
Mądry, Edyta; Lisowska, Aleksandra; Grebowiec, Philip; Walkowiak, Jarosław
Abstract:
BACKGROUND: There are no long-term prospective studies assessing the impact of the vegan diet on vitamin B-12 (B-12) status. Many vegans take B-12 supplements irregularly or refuse to adopt them at all, considering them to be "unnatural" products. The use of B-12 fortified food may be an alternative. Therefore, we aimed to estimate the long-term effect of a vegan diet on serum B-12 concentrations in healthy omnivore adults, comparing the influence of natural products consumption and B-12 fortified food. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A five year prospective study was carried out comprising 20 omnivore healthy adult subjects, who moved to strict vegan diet for 5 years. Ten volunteers followed vegan diet based entirely on natural products, while the remaining ten subjects consumed food fortified in B-12. In all subjects serum vitamin B-12 concentration was determined before and 6, 12, 24 and 60 months after the implementation of the diet. RESULTS: A significant decrease (p < 0.0002) of serum B-12 concentrations in the whole studied group was noted after 60 months of vegan diet. However, observed changes were in fact limited to the subgroup consuming exclusively natural products (p
Published:
April 1, 2012
Title:
Advanced glycation endproducts: from precursors to RAGE: round and round we go
Authors:
Ramasamy, Ravichandran; Yan, Shi Fang; Schmidt, Ann Marie
Abstract:
The formation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) occurs in diverse settings such as diabetes, aging, renal failure, inflammation and hypoxia. The chief cellular receptor for AGEs, RAGE, transduces the effects of AGEs via signal transduction, at least in part via processes requiring the RAGE cytoplasmic domain binding partner, diaphanous-1 or mDia1. Data suggest that RAGE perpetuates the inflammatory signals initiated by AGEs via multiple mechanisms. AGE–RAGE interaction stimulates generation of reactive oxygen species and inflammation—mechanisms which enhance AGE formation. Further, recent data in type 1 diabetic kidney reveal that deletion of RAGE prevents methylglyoxal accumulation, at least in part via RAGE-dependent regulation of glyoxalase-1, a major enzyme involved in methylglyoxal detoxification. Taken together, these considerations place RAGE in the center of biochemical and molecular stresses that characterize the complications of diabetes and chronic disease. Stopping RAGE-dependent signaling may hold the key to interrupting cycles of cellular perturbation and tissue damage in these disorders.
Published:
March 31, 2012
Title:
Exercise, appetite and weight management: understanding the compensatory responses in eating behaviour and how they contribute to variability in exercise-induced weight loss
Authors:
King, N. A.; Horner, K.; Hills, A. P.; Byrne, N. M.; Wood, R. E.; Bryant, E.; Caudwell, P.; Finlayson, G.; Gibbons, C.; Hopkins, M.; Martins, C.; Blundell, J. E.
Abstract:
Does exercise promote weight loss? One of the key problems with studies assessing the efficacy of exercise as a method of weight management and obesityis that mean data are presented and the individual variability in response is overlooked. Recent data have highlighted the need to demonstrate and characterise the individual variability in response to exercise. Do people who exercise compensate for the increase in energy expenditure via compensatory increases in hunger and food intake? The authors address the physiological, psychological and behavioural factors potentially involved in the relationship between exercise and appetite, and identify the research questions that remain unanswered. A negative consequence of the phenomena of individual variability and compensatory responses has been the focus on those who lose little weight in response to exercise; this has been used unreasonably as evidence to suggest that exercise is a futile method of controlling weight and managing obesity. Most of the evidence suggests that exercise is useful for improving body composition and health. For example, when exercise-induced mean weight loss is
Published:
March 31, 2012
Title:
Extension of cortical synaptic development distinguishes humans from chimpanzees and macaques
Authors:
Liu, Xiling; Somel, Mehmet; Tang, Lin; Yan, Zheng; Jiang, Xi; Guo, Song; Yuan, Yuan; He, Liu; Oleksiak, Anna; Zhang, Yan; Li, Na; Hu, Yuhui; Chen, Wei; Qiu, Zilong; Pääbo, Svante; Khaitovich, Philipp
Abstract:
Over the course of ontogenesis, the human brain and human cognitive abilities develop in parallel, resulting in a phenotype strikingly distinct from that of other primates. Here, we used microarrays and RNA-sequencing to examine human-specific gene expression changes taking place during postnatal brain development in the prefrontal cortex and cerebellum of humans, chimpanzees, and rhesus macaques. We show that the most prominent human-specific expression change affects genes associated with synaptic functions and represents an extreme shift in the timing of synaptic development in the prefrontal cortex, but not the cerebellum. Consequently, peak expression of synaptic genes in the prefrontal cortex is shifted from
Published:
March 31, 2012
Title:
Uptake and Accumulation of Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein during Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection in Guinea Pigs
Authors:
Palanisamy, Gopinath S.; Kirk, Natalie M.; Ackart, David F.; Obregón-Henao, Andrés; Shanley, Crystal A.; Orme, Ian M.; Basaraba, Randall J.
Abstract:
Published:
March 29, 2012
Title:
[The risks with a high-fat diet are exaggerated]
Authors:
Ravnskov, Uffe; Jonsson, Bo H.
Abstract:
Published:
March 28, 2012
Title:
Innovation: Metabolomics: the apogee of the omics trilogy
Authors:
Patti, Gary J.; Yanes, Oscar; Siuzdak, Gary
Abstract:
Metabolites, the chemical entities that are transformed during metabolism, provide a functional readout of cellular biochemistry. With emerging technologies in mass spectrometry, thousands of metabolites can now be quantitatively measured from minimal amounts of biological material, which has thereby enabled systems-level analyses. By performing global metabolite profiling, also known as untargeted metabolomics, new discoveries linking cellular pathways to biological mechanism are being revealed and are shaping our understanding of cell biology, physiology and medicine.
Published:
March 21, 2012
Title:
Personal omics profiling reveals dynamic molecular and medical phenotypes
Authors:
Chen, Rui; Mias, George I.; Li-Pook-Than, Jennifer; Jiang, Lihua; Lam, Hugo Y. K.; Chen, Rong; Miriami, Elana; Karczewski, Konrad J.; Hariharan, Manoj; Dewey, Frederick E.; Cheng, Yong; Clark, Michael J.; Im, Hogune; Habegger, Lukas; Balasubramanian, Suganthi; O'Huallachain, Maeve; Dudley, Joel T.; Hillenmeyer, Sara; Haraksingh, Rajini; Sharon, Donald; Euskirchen, Ghia; Lacroute, Phil; Bettinger, Keith; Boyle, Alan P.; Kasowski, Maya; Grubert, Fabian; Seki, Scott; Garcia, Marco; Whirl-Carrillo, Michelle; Gallardo, Mercedes; Blasco, Maria A.; Greenberg, Peter L.; Snyder, Phyllis; Klein, Teri E.; Altman, Russ B.; Butte, Atul J.; Ashley, Euan A.; Gerstein, Mark; Nadeau, Kari C.; Tang, Hua; Snyder, Michael
Abstract:
Personalized medicine is expected to benefit from combining genomic information with regular monitoring of physiological states by multiple high-throughput methods. Here, we present an integrative personal omics profile (iPOP), an analysis that combines genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic, and autoantibody profiles from a single individual over a 14 month period. Our iPOP analysis revealed various medical risks, including type 2 diabetes. It also uncovered extensive, dynamic changes in diverse molecular components and biological pathways across healthy and diseased conditions. Extremely high-coverage genomic and transcriptomic data, which provide the basis of our iPOP, revealed extensive heteroallelic changes during healthy and diseased states and an unexpected RNA editing mechanism. This study demonstrates that longitudinal iPOP can be used to interpret healthy and diseased states by connecting genomic information with additional dynamic omics activity.
Published:
March 15, 2012
Title:
Dietary-regulation of catabolic disposal of 4-hydroxynonenal analogs in rat liver
Authors:
Li, Qingling; Tomcik, Kristyen; Zhang, Shenghui; Puchowicz, Michelle A.; Zhang, Guo-Fang
Abstract:
Our previous work in perfused rat livers has demonstrated that 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) is catabolized predominantly via beta oxidation. Therefore, we hypothesized that perturbations of beta oxidation, such as diet-altered fatty acid oxidation activity, ...
Published:
March 14, 2012
Title:
Antioxidant supplements for prevention of mortality in healthy participants and patients with various diseases
Authors:
Bjelakovic, Goran; Nikolova, Dimitrinka; Gluud, Lise Lotte; Simonetti, Rosa G.; Gluud, Christian
Abstract:
BACKGROUND: Our systematic review has demonstrated that antioxidant supplements may increase mortality. We have now updated this review. OBJECTIVES: To assess the beneficial and harmful effects of antioxidant supplements for prevention of mortality in adults. SEARCH METHODS: We searched The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, the Science Citation Index Expanded, and Conference Proceedings Citation Index-Science to February 2011. We scanned bibliographies of relevant publications and asked pharmaceutical companies for additional trials. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included all primary and secondary prevention randomised clinical trials on antioxidant supplements (beta-carotene, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, and selenium) versus placebo or no intervention. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Three authors extracted data. Random-effects and fixed-effect model meta-analyses were conducted. Risk of bias was considered in order to minimise the risk of systematic errors. Trial sequential analyses were conducted to minimise the risk of random errors. Random-effects model meta-regression analyses were performed to assess sources of intertrial heterogeneity. MAIN RESULTS: Seventy-eight randomised trials with 296,707 participants were included. Fifty-six trials including 244,056 participants had low risk of bias. Twenty-six trials included 215,900 healthy participants. Fifty-two trials included 80,807 participants with various diseases in a stable phase. The mean age was 63 years (range 18 to 103 years). The mean proportion of women was 46%. Of the 78 trials, 46 used the parallel-group design, 30 the factorial design, and 2 the cross-over design. All antioxidants were administered orally, either alone or in combination with vitamins, minerals, or other interventions. The duration of supplementation varied from 28 days to 12 years (mean duration 3 years; median duration 2 years). Overall, the antioxidant supplements had no significant effect on mortality in a random-effects model meta-analysis (21,484 dead/183,749 (11.7%) versus 11,479 dead/112,958 (10.2%); 78 trials, relative risk (RR) 1.02, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.98 to 1.05) but significantly increased mortality in a fixed-effect model (RR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.05). Heterogeneity was low with an I(2)- of 12%. In meta-regression analysis, the risk of bias and type of antioxidant supplement were the only significant predictors of intertrial heterogeneity. Meta-regression analysis did not find a significant difference in the estimated intervention effect in the primary prevention and the secondary prevention trials. In the 56 trials with a low risk of bias, the antioxidant supplements significantly increased mortality (18,833 dead/146,320 (12.9%) versus 10,320 dead/97,736 (10.6%); RR 1.04, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.07). This effect was confirmed by trial sequential analysis. Excluding factorial trials with potential confounding showed that 38 trials with low risk of bias demonstrated a significant increase in mortality (2822 dead/26,903 (10.5%) versus 2473 dead/26,052 (9.5%); RR 1.10, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.15). In trials with low risk of bias, beta-carotene (13,202 dead/96,003 (13.8%) versus 8556 dead/77,003 (11.1%); 26 trials, RR 1.05, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.09) and vitamin E (11,689 dead/97,523 (12.0%) versus 7561 dead/73,721 (10.3%); 46 trials, RR 1.03, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.05) significantly increased mortality, whereas vitamin A (3444 dead/24,596 (14.0%) versus 2249 dead/16,548 (13.6%); 12 trials, RR 1.07, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.18), vitamin C (3637 dead/36,659 (9.9%) versus 2717 dead/29,283 (9.3%); 29 trials, RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.07), and selenium (2670 dead/39,779 (6.7%) versus 1468 dead/22,961 (6.4%); 17 trials, RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.03) did not significantly affect mortality. In univariate meta-regression analysis, the dose of vitamin A was significantly associated with increased mortality (RR 1.0006, 95% CI 1.0002 to 1.001, P = 0.002). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: We found no evidence to support antioxidant supplements for primary or secondary prevention. Beta-carotene and vitamin E seem to increase mortality, and so may higher doses of vitamin A. Antioxidant supplements need to be considered as medicinal products and should undergo sufficient evaluation before marketing.
Published:
March 13, 2012
Title:
Mitochondrial DNA data indicate an introduction through Mainland Southeast Asia for Australian dingoes and Polynesian domestic dogs
Authors:
Oskarsson, Mattias C. R.; Klütsch, Cornelya F. C.; Boonyaprakob, Ukadej; Wilton, Alan; Tanabe, Yuichi; Savolainen, Peter
Abstract:
In the late stages of the global dispersal of dogs, dingoes appear in the Australian archaeological record 3500 years BP, and dogs were one of three domesticates brought with the colonization of Polynesia, but the introduction routes to this region remain unknown. This also relates to questions about human history, such as to what extent the Polynesian culture was introduced with the Austronesian expansion from Taiwan or adopted en route, and whether pre-Neolithic Australia was culturally influenced by the surrounding Neolithic world. We investigate these questions by mapping the distribution of the mtDNA founder haplotypes for dingoes (A29) and ancient Polynesian dogs (Arc1 and Arc2) in samples across Southern East Asia (n = 424) and Island Southeast Asia (n = 219). All three haplotypes were found in South China, Mainland Southeast Asia and Indonesia but absent in Taiwan and the Philippines, and the mtDNA diversity among dingoes indicates an introduction to Australia 4600–18 300 years BP. These results suggest that Australian dingoes and Polynesian dogs originate from dogs introduced to Indonesia via Mainland Southeast Asia before the Neolithic, and not from Taiwan together with the Austronesian expansion. This underscores the complex origins of Polynesian culture and the isolation from Neolithic influence of the pre-Neolithic Australian culture.
Published:
March 6, 2012
Title:
Effect of fasting with two meals on BMI and inflammatory markers of metabolic syndrome.
Authors:
Shariatpanahi, Maryam Vahdat; Shariatpanahi, Zahra Vahdat; Shahbazi, Shaahin; Moshtaqi, Manoochehr
Abstract:
The metabolic syndrome has been recognized as a proinflammatory state and inflammatory markers are associated with an increased risk for subsequent cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. The aim of this clinical trial study was to evaluate the effect of Ramadan fasting on High-sensitive C-reactive Protein (hs-CRP) and fibrinogen levels in metabolic syndrome. Sixty five male with metabolic syndrome who were admitted to Hospital were selected for the study. Waist circumference, BMI, FPG, HDL-C, TG, fibrinogen and hs-CRP were evaluated before and after month of Ramadan. The duration of study was thirty days. The dietary intake was estimated by 24 h recall before and after fasting. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed using the ATP III criteria. FPG, HDL-C, fibrinogen, hs-CRP, BMI and waist circumference were decreased significantly after study (p = 0.005, p = 0.002, p = 0.02, p = 0.01, p = 0.01, p = 0.01, respectively). There was no change in serum TG level (p = 0.21). Simple linear regression analysis demonstrated that after fasting, hs-CRP was related to waist circumference and BMI (r = 0.388, p = 0.01 and r = -0.439, p = 0.02, respectively). Change in the number and timing of meals and portioning the entire intake into two without changing the total energy consumption may have beneficial effects on anthropometry measures and inflammatory markers of metabolic syndrome.
Published:
February 29, 2012
Title:
Mapping injustice, visualizing equity: Why theory, metaphors and images matter in tackling inequalities
Authors:
Krieger, N.; Dorling, D.; McCartney, G.
Abstract:
This symposia discussed “Mapping injustice, visualizing equity: why theory, metaphors and images matter in tackling inequalities”.1 It sought to provoke critical thinking about the current theories used to analyze the health impact of injustice, variously referred to as “health inequalities” in the UK, “social inequalities in health” in the US, and “health inequities” more globally. Our focus was the types of explanations, images, and metaphors these theories employ. Building on frameworks that emphasize politics, agency, and accountability, we suggested that it was essential to engage the general public in the politics of health inequities if progress is to be made. We showcased some examples of such engagement before inviting the audience to consider how this might apply in their own areas of responsibility.
Published:
February 29, 2012
Title:
Self-reported Neighborhood Safety and Nonadherence to Treatment Regimens Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors:
Billimek, John; Sorkin, Dara H.
Abstract:
Few studies have explored the association between neighborhood characteristics and adherence to diabetes self-management behaviors, and none have examined the influence of neighborhood safety on adherence to treatment regimens among patients with diabetes.
Published:
February 29, 2012
Title:
A uniquely broad spectrum diet during the Middle Pleistocene at Bolomor Cave (Valencia, Spain)
Authors:
Blasco, Ruth; Fernández Peris, Josep
Abstract:
The exploitation strategies of faunal resources have figured prominently in discussions of the timing and nature of the beginning of modern human behaviour. These strategies have focused on ability to make intensive use of seasonal resources, ability to hunt large or dangerous animals and capacity to exploit small prey, specifically fast-running and flying animals. On this basis, the systematic use of small animals for food at the pre-Upper Palaeolithic moments has been an important debate topic in recent decades. Occasional anthropogenic evidences concerning these animals dates back to the Plio-Pleistocene chronologies in Africa. Nevertheless, several authors state that the small animals began to be important in the human diet from at least the early Middle Palaeolithic in the Mediterranean Basin. From this perspective, this paper discusses the human use of small prey (rabbits, birds and tortoises) in the stratigraphical sequence of Bolomor Cave (Valencia, Spain). This site contains a sedimentary deposit composed of seventeen stratigraphical levels ranging from MIS 9 to MIS 5e (c. 350–100 ka). The evidence of anthropogenic processing of small prey is documented from the earliest moments of the site occupation (level XVII) in form of cutmarks, intentional breakage, human toothmarks, and burning patterns, depending on the archaeological level. The use of small animals, attached to the large game identified in the site, indicate generalist human behaviour based on a broad spectrum diet. In general, the aim of this study is to provide data on the subsistence strategies of the Middle Pleistocene hominids from Bolomor Cave and to contribute to the discussion topic related to the human consumption of small prey in early moments.
Published:
February 26, 2012
Title:
Myths and Truths About Fiber
Authors:
Kresser, Chris
Abstract:
For decades, fiber has been touted as an essential component of a healthy diet, yet many of these health claims have not been proven by research.
Published:
February 16, 2012
Title:
Soy
Authors:
Abstract:
Soy-based foods have long held a special place in the natural foods world. From the simple soybean comes a variety of foods, including tofu, miso, tempeh, tamari, soy milk and edamame.
Published:
February 9, 2012
Title:
Vegetarian
Authors:
Abstract:
It’s indisputable: Plant-based foods rule! Learn more about the health benefits of going veg – plus the nutrients you need – and get ideas for nourishing meat-free meals.
Published:
February 9, 2012
Title:
What Must I Do to Get Well, and How Can I Keep So?
Authors:
Stuart, Elma
Abstract:
This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1898. Excerpt: ... GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. 'He who gains a new idea, or has a fresh insight into an old one, is thereby invested with a new responsibility. He has no right to live exactly as he did before. A duty is laid upon him to bring it into practical operation for his own guidance, and, as far as possible, for the general welfare.' jjANY persons seem to imagine that when they have said 'mince and hot water' they have polished off in a word the whole Salisbury treatment. They were never more at sea in all their lives. The Salisbury System is not one--but many-sided. Beef and hot water form a part and an all-important part; but here besides is a wide-embracing plan that minutely takes into account everything that concerns the patient, and provides for every day's contingencies. All doings, takings, quantities, etc. are considered and regulated so that every condition may be made and kept advantageous for the furthering of Nature's processes, and that the patient and his family may be continually aiding and fostering these as far as possible. The Salisbury treatment looks narrowly to the patient's eating, drinking, to the when, what, how, and how mcch he eats, to the cooking of his food, to the digesting of his food (for sensible people, like you and me, Reader, know that the proof of the pudding is--not the eating,--alas, no! it is the digesting!), to the internal cleansings, the thorough tranquil restings; the encouragement of a brave, placid frame of mind, a cheerful, hopeful spirit, with special avoidance of fatigue, friction, and worry; and it seeks besides to judiciously accommodate to its wise requirements every hour of the patient's day and every one of his doings. This is the scope of the high and soulful Salisbury treatment as it unfolded itself to me in the cour...
Published:
February 4, 2012
Title:
Disrupted VLDL Features and Lipoprotein Metabolism in Sepsis
Authors:
Aspichueta, Patricia; Bartolom, Nerea; Buqu, Xabier; Jos, Mara; Ochoa, Begoa; Chico, Yolanda
Abstract:
Published:
February 2, 2012
Title:
Pleiotropic Functions of HDL Lead to Protection from Atherosclerosis and Other Diseases
Authors:
Zannis, Vassilis; Kateifides, Andreas; Fotakis, Panagiotis; Zanni, Eleni; Kardassis, Dimitris
Abstract:
Published:
February 2, 2012
Title:
Food Insecurity and Glycemic Control Among Low-Income Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors:
Seligman, Hilary K.; Jacobs, Elizabeth A.; López, Andrea; Tschann, Jeanne; Fernandez, Alicia
Abstract:
OBJECTIVE To determine whether food insecurity—the inability to reliably afford safe and nutritious food—is associated with poor glycemic control and whether this association is mediated by difficulty following a healthy diet, diabetes self-efficacy, or emotional distress related to diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We used multivariable regression models to examine the association between food insecurity and poor glycemic control using a cross-sectional survey and chart review of 711 patients with diabetes in safety net health clinics. We then examined whether difficulty following a diabetic diet, self-efficacy, or emotional distress related to diabetes mediated the relationship between food insecurity and glycemic control. RESULTS The food insecurity prevalence in our sample was 46%. Food-insecure participants were significantly more likely than food-secure participants to have poor glycemic control, as defined by hemoglobin A1c ≥8.5% (42 vs. 33%; adjusted odds ratio 1.48 [95% CI 1.07–2.04]). Food-insecure participants were more likely to report difficulty affording a diabetic diet (64 vs. 49%, P < 0.001). They also reported lower diabetes-specific self-efficacy (P < 0.001) and higher emotional distress related to diabetes (P
Published:
January 31, 2012
Title:
Impairments in the intrinsic contractility of mesenteric collecting lymphatics in a rat model of metabolic syndrome
Authors:
Zawieja, Scott D.; Wang, Wei; Wu, Xin; Nepiyushchikh, Zhanna V.; Zawieja, David C.; Muthuchamy, Mariappan
Abstract:
Numerous studies on metabolic syndrome (MetSyn), a cluster of metabolic abnormalities, have demonstrated its profound impact on cardiovascular and blood microvascular health; however, the effects of MetSyn on lymphatic function are not well understood. We hypothesized that MetSyn would modulate lymphatic muscle activity and alter muscularized lymphatic function similar to the impairment of blood vessel function associated with MetSyn, particularly given the direct proximity of the lymphatics to the chronically inflamed adipose depots. To test this hypothesis, rats were placed on a high-fructose diet (60%) for 7 wk, and their progression to MetSyn was assessed through serum insulin and triglyceride levels in addition to the expression of metabolic and inflammatory genes in the liver. Mesenteric lymphatic vessels were isolated and subjected to different transmural pressures while lymphatic pumping and contractile parameters were evaluated. Lymphatics from MetSyn rats had significant negative chronotropic effects at all pressures that effectively reduced the intrinsic flow-generating capacity of these vessels by ∼50%. Furthermore, lymphatics were remodeled to a significantly smaller diameter in the animals with MetSyn. Wire myograph experiments demonstrated that permeabilized lymphatics from the MetSyn group exhibited a significant decrease in force generation and were less sensitive to Ca2+, although there were no significant changes in lymphatic muscle cell coverage or morphology. Thus, our data provide the first evidence that MetSyn induces a remodeling of collecting lymphatics, thereby effectively reducing their potential load capabilities and impairing the intrinsic contractility required for proper lymph flow.
Published:
January 31, 2012
Title:
Level of selected nutrients in meat, liver, tallow and bone marrow from semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer t. tarandus L.)
Authors:
Hassan, AmmarAli; Sandanger, TorkjelM; Brustad, Magritt
Abstract:
Objectives: To acquire new knowledge on the nutritional composition of semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer t. tarandus L.) and their nutritional value for humans. The results could be useful in updating the Norwegian Food Composition Database, whose current data on reindeer is limited. Study design: Cross-sectional study on population of semi-domesticated reindeer from 2 northern Norwegian counties (Finnmark and Nordland). Methods: Semi-domesticated reindeer carcasses (n=31) were randomly selected, from which meat, liver, tallow and bone marrow samples were collected. Selected vitamins, minerals, fatty acids and total lipids were studied. Results: As expected, reindeer meat was found to be lean (2% total lipid), thus it is a good source of low-fat meat. The meat was also found to be a good source of vitamin B12, docosapentaenoic acid (C22:5 n-3) and α-linolenic acid (C18:3 n-3). Statistically significant differences (p<0.05) in most of the nutrient levels between meat and the rest of the studied reindeer tissues were observed. In most cases, the liver, tallow and bone marrow had higher nutritional values when compared to meat. Liver had the highest concentrations of vitamin A, all vitamin B types, vitamin C, iron, selenium and the total amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3). Additionally, liver was the only edible tissue that contained vita-mins B9 and C. The vast majority of the vitamin concentrations in liver, tallow and bone marrow were significantly correlated with the concentrations in meat (p
Published:
January 30, 2012
Title:
Fermentation of animal components in strict carnivores: A comparative study with cheetah fecal inoculum
Authors:
Depauw, Sarah; Bosch, Guido; Hesta, Myriam; Whitehouse-Tedd, Katherine; Hendriks, W; Kaandorp, Jacques; Janssens, Geert
Abstract:
The natural diet of felids contains highly digestible animal tissues but also fractions resistant to small intestinal digestion, which enter the large intestine where they may be fermented by the resident microbial population. Little information exists on the microbial degradability of animal tissues in the large intestine of felids consuming a natural diet. This study aimed to rank animal substrates in their microbial degradability by means of an in vitro study using captive cheetahs fed a strict carnivorous diet as fecal donors. Fresh cheetah fecal samples were collected, pooled, and incubated with various raw animal substrates (chicken cartilage, collagen, glucosamine-chondroitin, glucosamine, rabbit bone, rabbit hair, and rabbit skin; 4 replicates per substrate) for cumulative gas production measurement in a batch culture technique. Negative (cellulose) and positive (casein and fructo-oligosaccharides; FOS) controls were incorporated in the study. Additionally, after 72 h of incubation, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), including branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA), and ammonia concentrations were determined for each substrate. Glucosamine and glucosamine-chondroitin yielded the greatest organic matter cumulative gas volume (OMCV) among animal substrates (P < 0.05), whereas total SCFA production was greatest for collagen (P < 0.05). Collagen induced an acetate production comparable with FOS and a markedly high acetate-to-propionate ratio (8.41:1) compared with all other substrates (1.67:1 to 2.97:1). Chicken cartilage was rapidly fermentable, indicated by a greater maximal rate of gas production (R(max)) compared with all other substrates (P < 0.05). In general, animal substrates showed an earlier occurrence for maximal gas production rate compared with FOS. Rabbit hair, skin, and bone were poorly fermentable substrates, indicated by the least amount of OMCV and total SCFA among animal substrates (P < 0.05). The greatest amount of ammonia production among animal substrates was measured after incubation of collagen and rabbit bone (P
Published:
January 26, 2012
Title:
Gene expression analysis of whole blood, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and lymphoblastoid cell lines from the Framingham Heart Study
Authors:
Joehanes, Roby; Johnson, Andrew D.; Barb, Jennifer J.; Raghavachari, Nalini; Liu, Poching; Woodhouse, Kimberly A.; O'Donnell, Christopher J.; Munson, Peter J.; Levy, Daniel
Abstract:
Despite a growing number of reports of gene expression analysis from blood-derived RNA sources, there have been few systematic comparisons of various RNA sources in transcriptomic analysis or for biomarker discovery in the context of cardiovascular disease (CVD). As a pilot study of the Systems Approach to Biomarker Research (SABRe) in CVD Initiative, this investigation used Affymetrix Exon arrays to characterize gene expression of three blood-derived RNA sources: lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL), whole blood using PAXgene tubes (PAX), and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Their performance was compared in relation to identifying transcript associations with sex and CVD risk factors, such as age, high-density lipoprotein, and smoking status, and the differential blood cell count. We also identified a set of exons that vary substantially between participants, but consistently in each RNA source. Such exons are thus stable phenotypes of the participant and may potentially become useful fingerprinting biomarkers. In agreement with previous studies, we found that each of the RNA sources is distinct. Unlike PAX and PBMC, LCL gene expression showed little association with the differential blood count. LCL, however, was able to detect two genes related to smoking status. PAX and PBMC identified Y-chromosome probe sets similarly and slightly better than LCL.
Published:
January 17, 2012
Title:
Strategies to improve iron status in women at risk of developing anaemia
Authors:
Derbyshire, Emma
Abstract:
Published:
January 17, 2012
Title:
Role of c-MYC in alternative activation of human macrophages and tumor-associated macrophage biology
Authors:
Pello, Oscar M.; De Pizzol, Maria; Mirolo, Massimiliano; Soucek, Laura; Zammataro, Luca; Amabile, Angelo; Doni, Andrea; Nebuloni, Manuela; Swigart, Lamorna B.; Evan, Gerard I.; Mantovani, Alberto; Locati, Massimo
Abstract:
In response to microenvironmental signals, macrophages undergo different activation, including the “classic” proinflammatory phenotype (also called M1), the “al
Published:
January 11, 2012
Title:
Modified Forms of LDL in Plasma
Authors:
Luis, Jose; Villegas, Sandra
Abstract:
Published:
January 10, 2012
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