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History List

Margarine struggles to replace butter until government drops taxes and restrictions.

January 1, 1917

margarine struggles

A history of Crisco

January 1, 1913

Proctor and Gamble creates new nonlard shortening called Crisco from cottonseed oil.

January 1, 1911

crisco cottonseed oil

Hydrogenation of oil is invented.

January 1, 1908

hydrogenation invented

Stamler's book is published as a “professional” red leather edition by the Corn Products Company

Your Heart Has Nine Lives

January 1, 1963

corn products company

The only fats that could be found in any American kitchen up until about 1910 were those that came exclusively from animals.

January 1, 1910

animal fats 1910

Swift & Co introduced a product called Cottonsuet in 1893

January 1, 1893

cottonsuet 1893

NHLBI first conducted a feasibility study in 1962 to test for vegetable oils.

January 1, 1962

nhlbi feasibility study

Despite these issues, however, the Oslo experiment is remembered only for the success of its cholesterol-lowering diet.

Oslo study

January 1, 1966

oslo experiment

Insignificant results and poor methodology don't seem to matter for Finnish Mental Hospital study which was "the best possible proof" that saturated fat is unhealthy.

Finnish Mental Hospital study

January 1, 1958

finnish mental hospital

Dayton releases Los Angeles Veterans trial where seed oils replaced animal fats, but the seed oils caused cancer.

January 1, 1969

LA veterans trial

Jolliffe begins Anti-Coronary Club and has men eat less red meat and more vegetable oil, but prudent dieters didn't live longer.

January 1, 1962

anti-coronary club

An “almost embarrassingly high number of researchers boarded the ‘cholesterol bandwagon,’ ” lamented the editors of the Journal of the American Medical Association

January 1, 1967

cholesterol bandwagon

George Mann hosted a small meeting of researchers with alternative views.

January 1, 1991

“A generation of research on the diet-heart question has ended in disarray,”

January 1, 1977

disarray research

“In Framingham, Mass, the more saturated fat one ate . . . the lower the person’s serum cholesterol . . . and [they] weighed the least,”

January 1, 1992

saturated fat lower cholesterol

High total cholesterol was a reliable predictor for heart disease, but less convincing on reanalysis.

January 1, 1961

reanalysis fails

Keys dismisses Reiser's critique of his saturated-fat hypothesis.

January 1, 1973

reisers critique

Keys used the same disparaging arguments to dismiss observations of Inuit in the Arctic.

January 1, 1954

Kelsay explains that fibre can cause blockages and reduce transit time, while also bulking stool.

A review of research on effects of fiber intake on man.

January 1, 1978

kelsay bulk stool

These results suggest that fruit and vegetable consumption during adulthood is not significantly associated with reduced breast cancer risk.

Intake of fruits and vegetables and risk of breast cancer: a pooled analysis of cohort studies

February 14, 2001

fruit veg breast cancer

"Our data do not support the existence of an important protective effect of dietary fiber against colorectal cancer or adenoma."

Dietary Fiber and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer and Adenoma in Women

January 1, 1999

fiber colorectal cancer

Dr Inoue concludes that loose stools are a significant risk factor for colon cancer.

Subsite-specific risk factors for colorectal cancer: a hospital-based case-control study in Japan.

January 1, 1995

inoue loose stools

Fibre may be implicated in colon cancer.

Fibre and Colorectal Cancer

October 5, 1996

fiber colon cancer

The British Nutrition Foundation admitted that the hypotheses that IBS, diverticulosis and colo-rectal cancer are caused by a deficiency of fibre had not been substantiated, neither have those that fibre might protect against diabetes, obesity and CHD.

Complex Carbohydrates in Food: The Report of the British Nutrition Foundation's Task Force (British Nutrition Foundation Task Force Reports Series)

January 1, 1990

deficiency of fibre

Nigro finds that fibre intake increases cancer in the large bowel.

Dietary studies of cancer of the large bowel in the animal model

January 1, 1986

fiber increases cancer

Dr Trowell points out that Africans do not consume cereals or bran but remain free of complaints of constipation and irritable bowel disease.

Fibre and Irritable Bowels

January 1, 1974

Thomas Moore thinks fiber is useless and its value as a food is virtually zero.

Dietary Fibre: Food or Fetish?

January 1, 1986

moore virtually zero

55% of patients were made worse by bran whereas only 10% had found it helpful.

Bran and irritable bowel syndrome: time for reappraisal.

July 2, 1994

bran good or bad

Dr Yudkin laments that fibre is not essential and that we should turn focus on sugar as cause of diabetes and heart disease.

Food for thought.

December 6, 1980

fiber not essential

Kellogg publishes 'The Natural Diet of Man" and says "man not naturally a flesh-eater"

The Natural Diet of Man

January 1, 1923

man flesh eater

Burkitt attributes low cancer rate to high fiber diet.

Some geographical variations in disease pattern in East and Central Africa.

January 1, 1963

burkitt high fiber

Arbuthnot thinks roughage should be added to the diet to reduce intestinal diseases.

New health for everyman.

January 1, 1932

arbuthnot roughage

Ahrens observes carbohydrates increasing trigylcerides in the blood as an alternative to diet-heart hypothesis.

January 1, 1957

McGovern’s committee listened to two days of testimony from Nick Mottern who recommended more fruits, vegetables, and whole grains and less meat and dairy products.

Diet and Killer Diseases

July 1, 1976

Mottern recommendations

Fat consumption varied wildly between different groups.

Epidemiologic Investigations in Relation to Diet in Groups Who Show Little Atherosclerosis and Are Almost Free of Coronary Ischemic Heart Disease

September 1, 1964

fat consumption varied

Malhotra demonstrates a difference in heart disease rates between Northern Indians eating saturated fats and Southern Indians eating refined carbs and seed oils.

Geographical Aspects of Acute Myocardial Infarction in India with Special Reference to Patterns of Diet and Eating

July 7, 1966

malhotra indians

Peptic ulcer more common in high carb populations.

Peptic ulcer in India and its aetiology

January 1, 1964

peptic ulcer high carb

Roseto, Pennsylvania suffers few heart attacks but eat lots of saturated fat - creating a paradox

January 1, 1961

Dr Thorpe explains that rapid loss of weight withouth hunger, weakness, or constipation is made up of meat, fat, and water.

Treating Overweight Patients

November 6, 1957

thorpe simplest diet

DGA: still encouraging PUFA & MUFA fats

January 1, 2010

guidelines push pufa

DGA: Avoid partially hydrogenated oils containing TFA

January 1, 2015

guidelines avoid transfat

AHA advises adults to eat 5-6% cal from SFA to lower LDL cholesterol

January 1, 2013

five percent saturated fat

AHA advise less than 7% cals of SFA

January 1, 2006

seven percent saturated fat

AHA limits TFA for the first time.

January 1, 2000

transfat first warning

AHA limits SFA to 8-10% calories

January 1, 1996

eight percent saturated fat

Very low fat diets not justified by current evidence.

January 1, 1993

The 80's saw <30% cals from total fat and <10% for SFA and PUFA

January 1, 1982

guidelines eighties

Dietary Guidelines for Americans released : "Avoid too much total fat and SFA"

January 1, 1980

avoid total fat

AHA segments up allowable fats even more, less than 10% from SFA

January 1, 1978

aha guidelines types of fat

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