History List

AHA: "A massive high saturated fat meal is inapppropriate at any time."

January 1, 1973

saturated fat meal

AHA: <40% cal / total fat, PUFA twice SFA

January 1, 1968

forty percent calories

AHA says to eat less SFA and more PUFA whenever possible.

January 1, 1965

eat less sfa

AHA recommends 25-35% cal of total fat, but substitute PUFA for SFA

January 1, 1961

substitute pufa

AHA recommends 25-30% of calories from total fat and indicates type of fat is important.

January 1, 1957

type of fat

Zukel concludes that it is unlikely that any relationship between diet and CHD can be established while measuring fat.

A Short-Term Community Study of the Epidemiology of Coronary Heart Disease

December 1, 1959

zukel no relationship

Harvard Nutritionist Jean Mayer writes to 35 million people that low carb diet is "the equivalent of mass murder."

January 1, 1965

low carb mass murder

AHA nutrition committee releases recommendation to cut saturated fat and cholesterol from diets to reduce heart disease risk.

Dietary Fat and Its Relation to Heart Attacks and Strokes Central Committee for Medical and Community Program of the American Heart Association

February 4, 1961

aha nutrition committee

AHA is a rich and powerful group controlling the heart disease conversation, and funded by P&G

January 1, 1960

aha rich group

Yudkin thinks that heart disease is caused by dietary sugar.

DIET AND CORONARY THROMBOSIS HYPOTHESIS AND FACT

July 27, 1957

yudkin dietary sugar

Circulation Journal reports Keys' first Seven Countries study results

Coronary heart disease in seven countries

April 1, 1970

seven countries study

Keys reinforces his diet-heart hypothesis with a new paper.

DIET AND THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CORONARY HEART DISEASE

August 24, 1957

keys new paper

Dr Keys confidently asserts that fat calories relate to heart disease.

Atherosclerosis: a problem in newer public health.

January 7, 1953

keys confident

Yerushalmy and Hilleboe refute use of epidemiology for Keys Diet-Heart Hypothesis

Fat in the diet and mortality from heart disease; a methodologic note

January 1, 1956

yerushalmy hilleboe refute

Keys vs Pickering - Keys is embarrassed by lack of evidence for his diet-heart hypothesis.

November 1, 1955

keys vs pickering

Keys confidently declares that fat in the diet leads to serum cholesterol and thus heart disease.

January 1, 1954

keys fat in the diet

Institute for Metabolic Research discovers that replacing animal fats with vegetable fats dramatically lowers total cholesterol.

Effect upon Serum Cholesterol and Phospholipids of Diets Containing Large Amounts of Vegetable Fat

March 1, 1953

lower total cholesterol

Gas-liquid chromatography is invented, making it possible to separate fatty acids.

January 1, 1952

separate fatty acids

Keys states there is overwhelming evidence that dietary cholesterol becomes blood cholesterol.

January 1, 1952

overwhelming bias

Columbia University biochemists David Rittenberg & Rudolph Schoenheimer demonstrate that dietary cholesterol has very little effect on blood cholesterol.

January 1, 1937

rittenberg shoenheimer

The AHA reorganizes, transforming from a scientific society to a voluntary health organization composed of volunteers and supported by professional staff.

January 1, 1948

aha reorganzation

The American Heart Association is formed.

January 1, 1924

aha formed

Brillat-Savarin writes the cure for obesity: “More or less rigid abstinence from everything that is starchy or floury.”

The Physiology of Taste

January 1, 1825

starchy or floury

Anitschkow reported that he could induce atherosclerotic-type lesions in rabbits by feeding them huge amounts of cholesterol.

January 1, 1913

anitschkow rabbits

Lewis and Clark discover that wild hunted game can be too lean for use.

The Big Fat Surprise

January 1, 1805

lewis clark lean game

Trappers discover how a meat-only diet requires fat.

January 1, 1857

trappers fat

Dr Prentice writes that Africans eat lots of meat and yet have no cancer.

January 1, 1923

prentice meat cancer

Hrdlička observed Native Americans eating predominantly buffalo, and yet, they seemed to be spectacularly healthy and lived to a ripe old age.

Physiological and medical observations among the Indians of southwestern United States and northern Mexico

January 1, 1898

hrdlicka buffalo healthy

Robert McCarrison finds a difference between Indians and relates it to nutrition and access to meat, butter, and cheese

Nutrition and National Health

January 1, 1904

mccarrison indian difference

Dr Lieb conducts a case study on Stefansson's experience in the north.

THE EFFECTS OF AN EXCLUSIVE, LONG-CONTINUED MEAT DIET BASED ON THE HISTORY, EXPERIENCES AND CLINICAL SURVEY OF VILHJALMUR STEFANSSON, ARCTIC EXPLORER

January 1, 1922

lieb case study

Peter Heinbecker reports on ketosis in Eskimos eating only meat.

STUDIES ON THE METABOLISM OF ESKIMOS.

July 9, 1928

heinbecker ketosis

Thomas describes the health of Eskimos

Health of a carnivorous race. A study of the Eskimo

January 1, 1927

thomas health eskimo

A plan of investigation is detailed for a cooperative study with several papers to be published.

Stefansson All Meat Diet Experiment is planned

January 1, 1926

carnivore diet study planned

Rubner thinks man cannot live on meat alone.

Rubner, M., in von Leyden, E., Handbuch der Ernghrungstherapie, Leipsic, 1,42 (1903)

January 1, 1903

rubner meat alone

Krogh estimates daily diet of Greenland Eskimo from 1855

A Study of the Diet and Metabolism of Eskimos Undertaken in 1908 on an Expedition to Greenland

January 1, 1908

krogh daily diet

Lack of fiber in the diet was first postulated in 1971 as the cause of diseases such as diverticulosis, hemorrhoids and colorectal cancer

Epidemiology of cancer of the colon and rectum. 1971.

January 1, 1971

lack of fiber

Early nutrition research consistently showed that a properly nourished person is highly resistant to infection

How to Prevent Heart Attacks

January 1, 1958

nourished resistant

Dr Newburg uses a high fat diet to treat diabetes

The Use of a High Fat Diet in the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus - Second Paper: Blood Sugar

June 1, 1921

newburg high fat diabetes

Dr Charles Henry Ralfe discovers that a diet of only meat devoid of vegetables still prevents scurvy.

Scurvy

August 28, 1882

ralfe scurvy

Rev. Metcalfe describes the tenets of the American Vegetarian Society

American Vegetarian Society is established

May 15, 1850

metcalfe veg society

Rev Metcalfe brings 40 Englishmen to Philadelphia with vegetarian ideals tied to their faith

Reverand William Metcalfe sails to Philadelphia from England with 40 members of Bible Christian Church

January 1, 1817

metcalfe moves philadelphia

Emanuel Swedenborg writes religious doctrines that advocate vegetarianism

Arcana Coelestia (Heavenly Arcana)

January 1, 1749

swedenborg vegetarianism

Dr Trall is a leading advocate of vegetarianism in NY

New York Hygieo-Therapeutic College founded by Dr. Russell Trall

January 1, 1852

trall vegetarianism

Mary Gove Nichols, disciple of Graham, taught physiology and anatomy and claimed that God designed humans to eat vegetables.

Lectures to Ladies on Anatomy and Physiology

January 1, 1842

nichols god designed

The Sugar Research Foundation is founded to protect the industry.

The Sugar Association History

June 1, 1943

sugar research founded

Henderson describes early history of diabetes.

Court of Last Appeal - The Early History of the High-fat Diet for Diabetes

January 1, 2016

henderson history

Theory of evolution spelled out by Darwin

On the Origin of Species By Means of Natural Selection

November 24, 1859

theory of evolution

Popular paleo / low carb book is released.

Primal Body, Primal Mind & Primal Fat Burner

January 1, 2011

primal body

Incredible history of dietary guidelines and fear of saturated fat, meat, and cholesterol.

The Big Fat Surprise: Why Butter, Meat and Cheese Belong in a Healthy Diet

January 1, 2014

big fat surprise

20 year vegan starts eating meat for health and writes incredible book.

The Vegetarian Myth: Food, Justice, and Sustainability

January 1, 2009

vegetarian myth